王長(zhǎng)喜大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試四級(jí)大課堂（第九講）

(三) 邏輯關(guān)系 

　　一個(gè)完整的語(yǔ)篇應(yīng)該是符合邏輯的，文章邏輯關(guān)系的取得主要靠轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)的使用。正確使用轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)，是保證文章連貫和諧，保證文章邏輯的有效手段。作者利用轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)保證文章的邏輯，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁諘r(shí)通過(guò)自己對(duì)上下文的理解，找到適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系，然后選擇正確的轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)。因此同學(xué)們有必要掌握各種轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)的用法。 

　　完形填空的目的不是閱讀，而是根據(jù)閱讀掌握的信息恢復(fù)作者寫作的原貌。從轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)上來(lái)說(shuō)，即要求考生根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)意發(fā)展和邏輯關(guān)系，確定適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)。 

　　轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)與連詞不同。連詞一般是句子層面上的東西，要求考生所理解的是一句中主從句之間的語(yǔ)意聯(lián)系，而轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)要求考生掌握的是語(yǔ)篇層面上的東西，考生需根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇上下文的邏輯關(guān)系才能確定適當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)方式。因此，在轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)的選擇上，同學(xué)們要仔細(xì)閱讀文章的上下文內(nèi)容，從整體上去把握。試看下列例題： 

① The foreign research scholar usually isolates (himself) in the laboratory as a means of protection; __77_, what he needs is to be fitted (with) a highly organized university system quite different from (that) at home. 
　　77. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also 
　　外籍研究學(xué)者習(xí)慣于將自己關(guān)閉在實(shí)驗(yàn)室之內(nèi)，而他們所需要的卻是溶入與他們?cè)瓉?lái)所處的教育體系不同的體系之內(nèi)。從上下文來(lái)看，兩句的關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，所以答案為C。 

　�、� …………a geographer might be described (as) one who observes, records, and explains the (differences) between places. If all places (were) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, (that) no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __89_, is a point of view, a special way of (looking) at places. 
　　89. A. still B. then c. nevertheless D. moreover 
在討論了對(duì)地理學(xué)的研究之后，于文章的最后結(jié)論道，"地理學(xué)也是一種觀點(diǎn)，一種觀察不同地區(qū)的特殊方法"。由此可見(jiàn)，89 答案為B。 

　　③ In the United States, professor have many other duties (besides) teaching, such as administrative or research work. __87__ the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (limited). 
　　87. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Nevertheless 
　　因?yàn)榻淌趥兊墓ぷ骱芏�，不只是教學(xué)，所以他們能與學(xué)生在一起的時(shí)間比較有限。從上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)看，應(yīng)該是因果關(guān)系，答案為C。 

　�、� The plane was now dangerously close (to) the ground, but to everyone's (relief), it soon began to climb. The man had to (circle) the airport several times in order to become (familiar) with the controls of the plane. __86__ the danger had not yet passed. The terrible (moment) came when he had to land. 
　　86. A. Then B. Therefore C. But D. Moreover 
　　飛機(jī)又爬到空中，在機(jī)場(chǎng)盤旋了幾次，"駕駛員"也熟悉了飛機(jī)的操作，似乎危險(xiǎn)已過(guò)，但情況遠(yuǎn)非如此。從下文中所介紹的飛機(jī)降落時(shí)的情況可以看出86答案應(yīng)該是C。 

　　⑤ Students find preparatory method helpful (in) examinations. They read over the questions (before) trying to answer any of them. __84___ they answer first the ones (in) which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking (place); work is being done on the (less) difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers (to) the more difficult ones will begin to come into consciousness. 
　　84. A. Thus B. But C. Therefore D. Then 
　　這里介紹了在解答問(wèn)題時(shí)"準(zhǔn)備工作"的重要性。學(xué)生在回答問(wèn)題之前先閱讀所有的問(wèn)題，然后先回答比較容易的，比較容易的問(wèn)答完之后，對(duì)難的問(wèn)題的答案也就自然而然地在大腦總出現(xiàn)。這反映出預(yù)先閱讀的重要性。考生在把所有這些讀清楚之后，就自然會(huì)清楚84處所表示的 時(shí)間上的關(guān)系，也就可以判斷答案為D。 

　　⑥ A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply - all these were important (factors) in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. __72___ they were not enough. Something (else) was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men. 
　　72. A. But B. Besides C. And D. Even 
　　文章首先介紹財(cái)富，資源，勞動(dòng)力在工業(yè)革命中的作用，然后筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)提出文章的主題，發(fā)明機(jī)器的人。從這關(guān)系上看，72處應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。答案為A。 

　�、� The word "etiquette", which is (of) French origin and originally meant a label, (or) a sign, passed into Spanish and kept its original meaning. So in Spanish the word "etiquette" today is used to (indicate) the small tags which a store (attaches) to a suit, a dress or a bottle. The word "etiquette" in French, __79__, gradually developed a different meaning. It __80__ became the custom to write directions on small cards, or "etiquette", as to how visitors should dress themselves and (act) during an important ceremony at the royal court. __82_, the word "etiquette" began to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow. 
　　79. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. furthermore 
　　80. A. late B. lately C. latest D. later 
　　82. A. Nevertheless B. Also C. Yet D. Thus 
　　這一部分介紹了語(yǔ)言中單詞意思的變化。列舉了兩種情況，一種是單詞意思沒(méi)有變化，另一種是發(fā)生了變化，因此兩者之間的關(guān)系為對(duì)比，從文章敘述的邏輯來(lái)看是轉(zhuǎn)折，79答案為B。在介紹單詞意思變化時(shí)介紹了"etiquette"在法語(yǔ)中的變化過(guò)程。這個(gè)變化過(guò)程是一個(gè)時(shí)間的過(guò)程，80答案為D。在介紹"etiquette"的意思變化時(shí)通過(guò)一種習(xí)俗加以說(shuō)明，上下為因果關(guān)系，82答案為D。 

(四)根據(jù)文章的類型結(jié)構(gòu)解答完形填空 

　　四六級(jí)完形填空多以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主，說(shuō)明文，議論文一般采用分類、比較對(duì)照、因果、例證等方式謀篇。正確把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)類型有助于文章的理解，也因此有助于完形填空的解答。完形填空的任務(wù)是在正確理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上再現(xiàn)作者的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式。為此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意加強(qiáng)文章謀篇布局的分析。 

　　1．四級(jí)完形填空的段落類型 

　　1) 比較對(duì)照型 

　　比較對(duì)照是四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)考試完形填空中比較常用的一種段落格式。在解答這類完形填空時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意利用比較對(duì)照模式所提供的信息，包括對(duì)比項(xiàng)各自的特點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的方式，由于對(duì)比的出現(xiàn)，很容易出現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象，考生應(yīng)注意利用這些信息，幫助解答完形填空。如： 

　　The United States is well known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time._71__ these wide modern roads are generally _72__ and well maintained, with __73_ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most __75___ one. Large highways often pass __76___ scenic areas and interesting small town. Furthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with ___78__ traffic during rush hours, __79__ the "fast, direct" way becomes a very slow route. 
　　However, there is __80__ always-another route to take __81_ you are not in hurry. Not far from the __82__ new "super highways", there are often older, __83_ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside . __84__ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads __85_ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high __86_, or down frightening hillsides to towns __87_ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go place __88__ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have __89___ to get a fresh, clean __90__ of the world. 
　　71. A. Although      B. Because      C. Since           D. Therefore 
　　72. A. stable        B. splendid     C. smooth          D. complicated 
　　73. A. little        B. few          C. much            D. many 
　　74. A. selections    B. separations  C. series          D. sections 
　　75. A. terrible      B. enjoyable    C. possible        D. profitable 
　　76. A. to            B. into         C. over            D. by 
　　77. A. lead          B. connect      C. collect         D. communicate 
　　78. A. large         B. light        C. fast            D. heavy 
　　79. A. when          B. for          C. but             D. that 
　　80. A. yet           B. still        C. almost          D. quite 
　　81. A. unless        B. as           C. if              D. since 
　　82. A. relatively    B. regularly    C. respectively    D. reasonably 
　　83. A. and           B. less         C. more            D. or 
　　84. A. All           B. Several      C. Lots            D. Some 
　　85. A. driving       B. crossing     C. curving         D. traveling 
　　86. A. rocks         B. cliffs       C. roads           D. paths 
　　87. A. lying         B. laying       C. laid            D. lied 
　　88. A. there         B. which        C. when            D. where 
　　89. A. space         B. chance       C. period          D. spot 
　　90. A. view          B. variety      C. visit           D. virtue 
參考答案為：71. A 　　72. C 　　73. B 　　74. D 　　75. C 
　　　　　　76. D 　　77. B 　　78. D 　　79. A 　　80. C 
　　　　　　81. B 　　82. A 　　83. B 　　84. D 　　85. C 
　　　　　　86. B 　　87. A 　　88. D 　　89. C 　　90. A 

再如95年6月四級(jí)完形填空中的兩段。從Many of them were (more) inventors than scientists.可以看出，下文將要比較發(fā)明家與科學(xué)家的不同。帶著這個(gè)問(wèn)題閱讀，就很容易掌握文章的信息，就不難讀懂純理論科學(xué)家注重的是研究的準(zhǔn)確性，而發(fā)明家注重的是實(shí)用。根據(jù)上下文的對(duì)照關(guān)系可以很輕松地確定答案。 

　　The men who __76__ the machines of the Industrial Revolution __77__ from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were __78__ inventors than scientists. A man who is a __79_ scientist is primarily interested in doing his research ___80__. He is not necessarily working __81___ that his findings can be used. 
　　An inventor or one interested in applied science is __82___ trying to make something that has a concrete __83__. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories __84__ science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain __85__ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of __86__ other objectives. 
　　76. A. employed   B. created      C. operated       D. controlled 
　　77. A. came       B. arrived      C. stemmed        D. appeared 
　　78. A. less       B. better       C. more           D. worse 
　　79. A. genuine    B. practical    C. pure           D. clever 
　　80. A. happily    B. occasionally C. reluctantly    D. accurately 
　　81. A. now        B. and          C. all            D. so 
　　82. A. seldom     B. sometimes    C. usually        D. never 
　　83. A. plan       B. use          C. idea           D. means 
　　84. A. of         B. with         C. to             D. as 
　　85. A. single     B. sole         C. specialized    D. specific 
　　86. A. few        B. those        C. many           D. all 
參考答案 ： 
　　76．B 　　77. A 　　78. C 　　79. C 　　80. D 　　81. D 
　　82. C 　　83. B 　　84. A 　　85. D 　　86. C 

　　下面一段完形填空選自98年1月份的四級(jí)英語(yǔ)考題。在說(shuō)明腦子的大小與智力無(wú)關(guān)時(shí)采用的對(duì)比的方式，這種結(jié)構(gòu)本身就說(shuō)明的73題的答案。由于例證是用來(lái)說(shuō)明智力與大腦的關(guān)系，就使的72成分復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象�？梢�(jiàn)掌握語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)模式對(duì)理解和語(yǔ)言再現(xiàn)的作用。 
　　There are four types of blood. _67__ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the __68__. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will __69__ in size, but this occurs within every race. __70__ does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain __71__ examined belonged to a person of weak __72__. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have __73__ brains. Mental tests which are reasonably __74__ show no differences intelligence between races. 
67. A. All       B. Most        C. No           D. Some 
68. A. same      B. identical   C. similar      D. alike 
69. A. remain    B. increase    C. decrease     D. vary 
70. A. Only      B. Or          C. Nor          D. So 
71. A. ever      B. then        C. never        D. once 
72. A. health    B. body        C. mind         D. thought 
73. A. big       B. small       C. minor        D. major 
74. A. true      B. exact       C. certain      D. accurate 

2) 程序型段落 
　　程序型段落指按照操作程序的順序?qū)懢偷亩温�，如�?shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程的介紹等。98.6四級(jí)的完形填空介紹的就是高中學(xué)生從中學(xué)備考到大學(xué)錄取到高校報(bào)到注冊(cè)的一個(gè)過(guò)程。學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)只要能抓住這個(gè)程序，文章就不難理解，完形填空答案的確定也就有了可靠的依據(jù)。 

　　The task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students, long __71__ they graduate from high school. These students take special __72__ to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one of more examinations that test how __73__ prepared they are for the university. 
　　In the final year of high school, they ___74__ applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to __75__. 
　　Some high school students may be __76__ to have an interview with representatives of the university. Neatly __77__, and usually very frightened, they are __78___ to show that they have a good attitude and the __79__ to succeed. 
　　When the new students are finally __80__, there may be one more step they have to __81__ before registering for classes and __82__ to work. Many colleges and universities __83__ an orientation program for new students. __84__ these programs, the young people get to know the __85__ for registration and student advising, university rules, the __86__ of the library and all the other __87__services of the college or university. 
　　Beginning a new life in a new place can be very __88__. The more knowledge students have __89__ the school, the easier it will be for them to __90__ to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life. 

　　71. A. as            B. after          C. since           D. before 
　　72. A. course        B. disciplines    C. majors          D. subjects 
　　73. A. deeply        B. widely         C. well            D. much 
　　74. A. fulfil        B. finish         C. complete        D. accomplish 
　　75. A. attend        B. participate    C. study           D. belong 
　　76. A. acquired      B. considered     C. ordered         D. required 
　　77. A. decorated     B. dressed        C. coated          D. worn 
　　78. A. decided       B. intended       C. settled         D. determined 
　　79. A. power         B. ability        C. possibility     D. quality 
　　80. A. adopted       B. accepted       C. received        D. permitted 
　　81. A. make          B. undergo        C. take            D. pass 
　　82. A. getting       B. putting        C. falling         D. sitting 
　　83. A. offer         B. afford         C. grant           D. supply 
　　84. A. For           B. Among          C. In              D. On 
　　85. A. processes     B. procedures     C. projects        D. provisions 
　　86. A. application   B. usage          C. use             D. utility 
　　87. A. major         B. prominent      C. key             D. great 
　　88. A. amusing       B. misleading     C. alarming        D. confusing 
　　89. A. before        B. about          C. on              D. at 
　　90. A. fit           B. suit           C. yield           D. adapt 

3) 時(shí)間型段落 
　　時(shí)間型的段落屬記敘性文體，文章以時(shí)間為順序介紹事情的發(fā)展過(guò)程。在做這類完形填空時(shí)，考生應(yīng)注意抓住時(shí)間這個(gè)線索，把握整個(gè)事情的發(fā)展過(guò)程，弄清各種事情的前因后果。94年1 月份的四級(jí)考題中完形填空所采用的就是時(shí)間型段落。 

　　As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and __71__ the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly __72___ forward. At the moment, the air-hostess ___73___. She looked very pale, but was quite __74___. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she __75__ everyone that the pilot had ___76__ and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines --- or at __77___ how to drive a car. After a moment's __78__, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin. 
　　Moving the pilot __79___, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the ___80__ instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport __81___. The plane was now dangerously close __82__ the ground, but to everyone's __83___, it soon began to climb. The man had to __84___ the airport several times in order to become __85___ with the controls of the plane. __86___ the danger had not yet passed. The terrible __87__ came when he had to land. Following __88__, the man guided the plane to ward the airfield. It shook violently __89__ it touched the ground and then moved rapidly __90___ the runway and after a long run it stopped safely. 

71. A. although 　　　　　　　B. while 　　　　　C. therefore 　　　　　D. then 
72. A. shifted 　　　　　　 　B. thrown　　　　　C. put 　　　　　　　　D. moved 
73. A. showed 　　　　　　　　B. presented 　　　C. exposed 　　　　　　D. appeared 
74. A. well 　　　　　　　　  B. still 　　　　　C. calm 　　　　　　　 D. quiet 
75. A. inquired 　　　　　　　B. insured 　　　　C. informed 　　　　　 D. instructed 
76. A. fallen 　　　　　　　  B. failed 　　　　 C. faded 　　　　　　　D. fainted 
77. A. best 　　　　　　　　　B. least 　　　　　C. length 　　　　　　 D. first 
78. A. hesitation 　　　　　　B. surprise 　　　 C. doubt 　　　　　　　D. delay 
79. A. back　　　　　　　　　 B. aside　　　　　 C. about 　　　　　　　D. off 
80. A. patient　　　　　　　　B. anxious　　　　 C. urgent 　　　　　　 D. nervous 
81. A. beneath 　　　　　　　 B. under 　　　　　C. down 　　　　　　　 D. below 
82. A. to 　　　　　　　　　　B. by 　　　　　　 C. near　　　　　　　　D. on 
83. A. horror 　　　　　　　　B. trust 　　　　　C. pleasure 　　　　　 D. relief 
84. A. surround 　　　　　　　B. circle　　　　　C. observe 　　　　　　D. view 
85. A. intimate 　　　　　　　B. familiar 　　　 C. understood 　　　　 D. close 
86. A. Then 　　　　　　　　　B. Therefore 　　  C. But 　　　　　　　　D. Moreover 
87. A. moment 　　　　　　　　B. movement 　　　 C. idea 　　　　　　　 D. affair 
88. A.impression 　　　　　　 B.information　　　C.inspections　　　　　D.instructions 
89. A. as 　　　　　　　　　　B. unless 　　　　 C. while 　　　　　　  D. so 
90. A. around 　　　　　　　　B. over 　　　　　 C. along 　　　　　　　D. above 

2． 段落類型在完形填空中的運(yùn)用 

　　段落類型的知識(shí)不僅有利于短文的理解，幫助學(xué)生掌握文章的語(yǔ)意發(fā)展邏輯，掌握文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，學(xué)生也可根據(jù)段落類型所提供的信息確定完形填空的選項(xiàng)。
 
　　1) 根據(jù)段落類型確定適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ) 

　　不同的段落類型有不同的敘述邏輯，也因此有各自的轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)。正確分辨段落的類型有助于轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)的選擇。比如下面一篇介紹在家辦公的文章，文章介紹的在家辦公的好處和出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。在介紹利和弊的時(shí)候采用的對(duì)比的方式，先介紹在家工作給人們帶來(lái)的好處，接著另起一段介紹在家工作所面臨的問(wèn)題。在說(shuō)明在家工作的益處時(shí)采用了例證的方式，采取漸升的敘述邏輯。從轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)的一致性上來(lái)看，敘述在家工作的益處時(shí)所采用的轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)為：For one thing --- For another ----Most agreeable of all，當(dāng)敘述在家工作所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題時(shí)采用的是舉例方式，列舉了四個(gè)不利之處，從問(wèn)題的情況和敘述的邏輯來(lái)看，同樣是漸升的順序，其轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)為For example --- Besides ---- Then again---- the main problem。 

　　The revolution in computer and telephone technology has made it a ___1__ for business people to work at home, and this has brought about much ___2___ and pleasure to the people.Generally, people enjoy working at home for the following ___3__. For one thing, they not only __4__ time by not having to travel long distance to work every day but save money on __5___ and business clothes. ___6__, suffering less stress from their employers, they think __7__ clearly and can be more creative in the quiet peaceful atmosphere of their home. __8__ agreeable of all, they have the ___9__ to decide for themselves how and when to do their job, __10__ permits them to spend more time with their family.___11__ as is often the case, working at home allows of much more freedom than working at office, some people who work at home admit there are ___12__. ___13__, they, more often, can not separate their personal life and their _14___ life. __15__, the loneliness from the lack of person-to-person ___16__ and new ideas is more likely to __17__ some mental illness. Then again, there is a problem of holidays. Perhaps, the __18__ problem with working at home is that some people __19__ get a day off. To solve the above mentioned __20__, people who work at home may well organize their work schedule, leaving adequate time for making human communication. In fact, working at home has provided them with much more freedom to participate in social activities. 
1.　A. reality           B. dream           C. problem          D. convenience 
2.　A. problem           B. trouble         C. convenience      D. worry 
3.　A. reasons           B. benefits        C. convenience      D. profits 
4.　A. cost              B. consume         C. waste            D. save 
5.　A. transportation    B. travel          C. appointments     D. calls 
6.　A. Secondly          B. What's more     C. For another      D. However 
7.　A. more              B. less            C. no more          D. no less 
8.　A. Least             B. Most            C. Not              D. Really 
9.　A. time              B. chance          C. freedom          D. right 
10. A. it                B. which           C. this             D. that 
11. A. However           B. In contrast     C. While            D. Then 
12. A. advantages        B. problems        C. troubles         D. benefits 
13. A. First             B. For example     C. For one thing    D. Because 
14. A. private           B. office          C. family           D. working 
15. A. Besides           B. Instead         C. However          D. Therefore 
16. A. talk              B. communication   C. contact          D. chat 
17. A. produce           B. cause           C. make             D. create 
18. A. most              B. last            C. main             D. major 
19. A. always            B. sometimes       C. never            D. frequently 
20. A. problems          B. situations      C. circumstances    D. questions 

2) 根據(jù)段落類型尋找復(fù)現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn)信息 

　　以上面的完形填空為例，從整體上說(shuō)，文章采用了對(duì)比的方式敘述了在家工作的利弊，似乎第一段的最后應(yīng)該是對(duì)此的概括，但從同現(xiàn)的關(guān)系來(lái)看，兩個(gè)相反的概念一般是不能有并列連詞and連接的，第二題答案應(yīng)該是C。 

　　文章在提到在家工作的利弊時(shí)以人們的親身感受的方式提出，說(shuō)明1題答案為A。從第二段的四個(gè)列舉的情況來(lái)看，所介紹的都是在家工作的好處，所以3是上義詞同現(xiàn)，答案為B。 

　　根據(jù)單詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象，可以確定9答案為C(allows of much more freedom than 中freedom為復(fù)現(xiàn))， 16答案為B(leaving adequate time for making human communication.中communication為復(fù)現(xiàn))，20答案為A(the __18__ problem with working at home 中freedom為前復(fù)現(xiàn)) 

　　文中并列成分之間的比較也給答案的選擇提供的應(yīng)有的復(fù)現(xiàn)信息，如根據(jù)they not only ___4__ time by not having to travel long distance to work every day but save money on __5___ and business clothes中可以推斷4答案為D(save)，5 答案為A (transportation)。 

　　10題為語(yǔ)法題，所選應(yīng)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，答案為B，17題為動(dòng)賓搭配題，答案為B。從第二段敘述的主題來(lái)看，19應(yīng)是在家工作的不利之處，答案為C，既然談?wù)摰脑掝}是在家工作，那么14應(yīng)該是working life即 D。 

　　本完形填空，上下兩段分別敘述在家工作的利弊，前后對(duì)比，從這一點(diǎn)上講考生很容易在11處填However, In contrast之類，答案如考慮一下該句自身的結(jié)構(gòu)，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，所選的為從句連詞，而非篇章轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)，答案為C。 

　　再如90年1月的四級(jí)考試完形填空。短文中，作者將美國(guó)的高速公路與老式的普通公路進(jìn)行比較。兩段之間However的使用將上下兩段銜接起來(lái)，也提示出敘述的重點(diǎn)。如果考生在閱讀過(guò)程中能注意兩種公路的情況對(duì)比，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)以下對(duì)比的信息，相當(dāng)一部分題的答案也自明，如72，78，85。兩種道路的比較也說(shuō)明了其中比較級(jí)的使用，根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，考生就可以確定83提的答案。 

高速公路(modern highways)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　普通公路 (old two-lane roads) 
平坦 (smooth)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　高低不平 (uneven) 
路段筆直(straight sections, with few sharp curves)　　　　　　彎彎曲曲 (curving through the country) 
路經(jīng)風(fēng)景區(qū)，連接繁華的城市(go by scenic areas, connecting large urban centers) 
穿行于鄉(xiāng)村，怕山坡，下陡坡 (curving through the country, up steep slopes and down frightening hillsides) 
交通擁擠，尤其是在高峰期(crowded with heavy traffic, especially during rush hours) 
車輛不多,可以悠閑地呼吸新鮮空氣,欣賞優(yōu)美的景色(light traffic,chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world) 


3) 從段落類型入手把握文章內(nèi)容 

　　完形填空首先是閱讀理解。如果考生能了解段落的結(jié)構(gòu)模式，對(duì)掌握文章的具體內(nèi)容是十分有幫助的。如，時(shí)間型段落段落以記敘為主。對(duì)于這類段落，考生要象看電影似地閱讀。閱讀時(shí)似乎看到故事中發(fā)生的一幕一幕。比如，上面所示94年1月四級(jí)考題。抓住時(shí)間這個(gè)脈絡(luò)，將前后發(fā)生的事情聯(lián)系起來(lái)，考生就不難對(duì)事件獲得一個(gè)完整的印象：駕駛員突然暈倒，無(wú)法駕駛飛機(jī)，飛機(jī)突然顛簸起來(lái)，乘客被顛地前仰后合，于是空姐走進(jìn)機(jī)艙，問(wèn)是否有人懂的駕駛。一位男子主動(dòng)出來(lái)幫忙，他隨著空姐走進(jìn)駕駛艙，將駕駛員移到一邊，邊聽(tīng)著機(jī)場(chǎng)發(fā)來(lái)的指示開(kāi)始操縱飛機(jī)，飛機(jī)在機(jī)場(chǎng)上空爬上爬下，還幾乎著地，在機(jī)場(chǎng)上空盤旋幾次以后，該男子逐漸熟悉了飛機(jī)的駕駛，最后終于安全降落。如果考生在閱讀過(guò)程中能想象出當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，理解就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)誤差，很多答案便自然輕松可得。該完形填空答案如下： 

　　71. A 72. B 73. D 74. C 75. C 76. D 77. B 78. A 79. B 80. C 
　　81. D 82. A 83. D 84. B 85. B 86. C 87. A 88. D 89. A 90. C 

　　同學(xué)們，完形填空能力的提高以語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、詞匯知識(shí)、句法知識(shí)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)。在平時(shí)的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意以話題為中心，培養(yǎng)詞匯的同現(xiàn)意識(shí)。另外，在進(jìn)行閱讀時(shí)注意分析各類文章的敘事邏輯，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)寫作訓(xùn)練。語(yǔ)言能力的發(fā)展是一個(gè)綜合能力發(fā)展的過(guò)程，聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫一項(xiàng)不可偏廢，希望同學(xué)們能全面發(fā)展.