王長(zhǎng)喜大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試四級(jí)大課堂（十一講）

例(1)Why are newspaper considered as an important medium according to the passage? (1998年6月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S2)

　　(分析：此題用why來(lái)提問(wèn)，短文中似乎沒(méi)有because……回應(yīng)句。但考生在第一段應(yīng)該會(huì)看到這樣一句話：Of all the media, television is clearly dominant, with newspapers a close second, at least as a source of news and other information. 此句中直接談到"newpapers"的作用"as a source of news and other information"，as是重要標(biāo)志，因而題干答案即為：Because they are a source of news and other information.

例(2)Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado? (1998年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S2)

　　(分析：此題在短文第一段中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何表因果關(guān)系的連詞，但文中有兩處關(guān)鍵的話，即，all of us naturally set aside any pretenses(矯飾) and put out backs into ever stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. <此處考生要知道keep … from … 之意，防止…被…>，……working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. 前一句話暗示出小船極易"tumble over"，后一句話表明河流有："the unpredictable twists and turns"，故答案為：Because the rivers is full of twists and turns.)

(3)范例型題目：需要概括答案的。表示舉例的關(guān)鍵詞有：for example, such …as, for instance, that is, as follow等�？忌鷮�(duì)這些詞后面的內(nèi)容要注意。

例(1)For one reasons or another, people's exposure to the media is often _______. (1998年6月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題3)

　　(分析：此題文中第二段首句就突出了主題：There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively, ……. 然后指出原因：…… is probably due to the psychological pressure …. However, … but to other factors, such as….考生只要找到"selectively"、"due to …"、"other factors"、"such as"等詞，就能夠填完題干句，即 … is often selective and influenced by different factors.)

例(2) What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s? (1998年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S4)

　　(分析：此題的答案需要從文中所舉例子前后經(jīng)過(guò)的描述中才能概括出來(lái)。文中用For example道出事情經(jīng)過(guò)：For example, in the late 1970s a General Motor plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warefare between labor and management. Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal terms. ……關(guān)鍵詞有"Distrust"、"high"、"tricky"。此外，上一段"the teamwork is the key to making dreams come ture"也很重要，因?yàn)樗�舉例子是論證此觀點(diǎn)的，故考生可概括出答案：Distrust and lack of teamwork)

(4)對(duì)照比較型題目：對(duì)照比較目的在于所涉及的兩個(gè)事物之間的不同或相似之處,進(jìn)而說(shuō)明主題.表對(duì)照的關(guān)鍵詞有：however、nevertheless、in contrast、 on the other hand、but、yet、while等。表比較的詞有：likewise、in the same way、as if、as等。

例(1) Developing children's self-confidence helps bring them up to be _______ (1999年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S5)

　　(分析：此題答案在短文最后一句能直接找到。Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and intersting people. 句中on the other hand表對(duì)照，暗示出與前面相反的結(jié)果，故答案為：capable and interesting people)

例(2) When parents show constant disappointment in their children, the destructive effect is that the children will _____ .(1999年1月六級(jí)題S4)

　　(分析：此題答案從文中最后一段第一、二句即可總結(jié)出。Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parent's disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. 句中"however"表強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折，強(qiáng)調(diào)"destructive"，后一句解釋有什么危害，關(guān)鍵詞有"lacking something"、"less worthy of admiration and respect"，故答案可總結(jié)為： lost their confidence and respectability.)

(5)描寫(xiě)敘述型題目：需要變換詞法或句型。此類(lèi)題句子內(nèi)容和表達(dá)詞在原文中能找到，考生關(guān)鍵是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的變換、句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。在替換過(guò)程中切勿因粗心犯了不該犯的錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)和動(dòng)名詞等。)

例(1) What does the author think Joe Jempler should be blamed for? (1997年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題72)

　　(分析：此題答案在文可找到大部分詞句，但需要作些變換。原句有：Joe Templer should have known better: ……。It won't hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, ……。考生應(yīng)知道："should +have+V-ed"用法，其次"leave the key in the truck"是關(guān)鍵詞。通過(guò)這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)可知答案為：Having left his key in the truck. 注意答案時(shí)態(tài)變化。)

例(2) What are the two ways, thieves sell the stolen cars?

　　(分析：此題答案文中有兩句已告知。Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200,000 cars are struggled out of the country every year. 考生需要把這兩句話意思高度概括出，在詞法句式上作些變化。答案為：Selling by parts and smuggling into other countries.)

例(3) The last sentence of the passage indicates that one's exposure to the media is ______ (1998年6月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S5)

　　(分析：此題答案文中最后一句話已表明。These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned. 考生只需作些詞法變換即可，答案為：hardly planned.)

例(4)Ｗhat was the explanation of animal-behavior experts for the "clever" behavior of pets? (1997年6月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S5)

　　(分析：此題答案短文最后一句即點(diǎn)明：The behavior was a mechanical result of the training. 但考生需要聯(lián)系本段中心意思，得知此結(jié)論符合動(dòng)物專(zhuān)家觀點(diǎn)，故答案為：A mechanical result of training)

3、推理題

　　這類(lèi)題型主要包括兩種：描述事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上推理和邏輯上的推理。

(1)在描述事實(shí)事礎(chǔ)上的推理題�？忌�只要在描述細(xì)節(jié)句子范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行推理，不必顧及整體文章大旨，以防干擾。

例(1)　What did Newton seem puzzled about? (1997年6月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S1)

　　(分析：此題文中第一段只描寫(xiě)了一個(gè)事實(shí)：Whenever I tossed out a Frishbee(飛碟) for him to chase, he'd take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the tress. He seemed genuinely puzzled. 通過(guò)對(duì)這幾句描述的理解，考生應(yīng)明白Newton似乎不知上哪兒去找飛碟，故答案為：Not knowing the Frishee's track.)

例(2)What made it possible for the TIM reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?

　　(分析：此題考生需要理解短文第二段第一、二句話：Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters came up with ……. 從這里可推知，記者們正是聽(tīng)到了寵物主人的宣揚(yáng)才得知這些故事的。因此答案為：That the owners want others to share their stories.)

例(3) According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to _____ .

　　(分析: 此題答案在短文首句中即可推斷出. Many parents who welcome the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. 關(guān)鍵詞是without TV, be on call as entertainers,由此可知,孩子們是希望父母陪他們玩, 故答案為:play with their children.)

例(4)What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?(1998年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S1)

　　(分析:此題通過(guò)作者對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的強(qiáng)調(diào)而知道作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn).
Atfer only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. 句中"accustomed to being spoiled and indulged"是關(guān)鍵詞，它表有作者的評(píng)價(jià)。故答案為：They were used to being spoiled and idulged.)

(2)通過(guò)前后句以及上、下文內(nèi)在邏輯進(jìn)行推理。此類(lèi)題一般針對(duì)主題思想、作者意圖而設(shè)計(jì)的�？忌�要注意首句、段尾句和表示轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系的一些詞，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。

例(1) Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?

　　(分析：短文第一段先描寫(xiě)了Newton似乎不知道該上哪兒找飛碟，但當(dāng)作者準(zhǔn)備去幫它時(shí)，"he would run invariably straight over the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his should with what looked suspiciously like a grin."從這前，后句可以看出Newton是在挑逗、欺騙作者。故答案為：Because Newton intended to deceive him.)

例(2)　Ｗhat happened to the New York knicks in the 1980s? (1998年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S3)

　�。ǚ治觯捍祟}答案需要從短文中關(guān)鍵一句才能推出。I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has from years of the adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s. 句中： recovered from years of adversity "是關(guān)鍵詞，它暗示出該隊(duì)曾陷入困境，故答案為：It was in adversity.這需要從句子的內(nèi)在邏輯中才能推出。)

例(3) What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant? (1998年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S5)

　　(分析：此題需要理解全文的中心思想才能推導(dǎo)出。因?yàn)槿�篇文章是講團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的重要性。最后一段通過(guò)事實(shí)圍繞此主題展開(kāi)的，因此可知答案為：teamwork spirit。)

例(4)Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ____ (1998年6月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題S1)

　　(分析：此題從原文中直接找不到答案，它需要理解第一段中心大意及關(guān)鍵句子，且考生只能用自己語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)。首段主要講大眾媒體的重要性，然后用一句話點(diǎn)出：Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. 考生只要理解了because 后面句子意思，就能準(zhǔn)確地補(bǔ)完題干條件句：if they want to know more about the world 。)

例(5) Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV, their children should ______. (1999年1月六級(jí)簡(jiǎn)答題題S2)

　　(分析：此題答案在第一段關(guān)鍵一句理解基礎(chǔ)上再作逆向思維即可推導(dǎo)出。They remember thinking up all sorts of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. 此句意即父母?jìng)冇浀盟麄冃�時(shí)候總能想到許多事情去做的。但他們現(xiàn)在的孩子似乎不同，總覺(jué)得沒(méi)什么事做。這就表明，許多父母認(rèn)為，如果不去看電視，他們的孩子也應(yīng)該想出許多事做，故答案為：think up things to do.)

三、簡(jiǎn)答題得高分基本原則

　　以上歸納了簡(jiǎn)答命題傾向及解題技巧，考生掌握了這些知識(shí)后，還要注意以下幾個(gè)方面才能得到高分。

1、答案盡量用短語(yǔ)或詞組，句子要簡(jiǎn)潔，一般都規(guī)定了不能超過(guò)10個(gè)單詞，多了要扣分。

2、盡量用短文中出現(xiàn)的詞組或短語(yǔ)，句子的用詞也應(yīng)以短文中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞為先。若非用自己的語(yǔ)言組織、表達(dá)不可，則注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的精煉、完整和時(shí)態(tài)的正確。

3、注意大小寫(xiě)正確及書(shū)寫(xiě)的工整。