［四級(jí)資源］動(dòng)詞不定式用法大薈萃

　　【例如】　I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell yous wheresto get this book.They found it hard to decidewhether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.“wh�瞱ord+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)除了作賓語外，還可以在句中作主語或者表語。

　　【例如】When to start the program remains undecided.The question is how to put the plansintospractice.

　　5)不定式作狀語

　　a)不定式作狀語表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，來強(qiáng)調(diào)這種目的。

　　【例如】　To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstakingefforts. Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.We must develop science and technology at high speedso as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.Insgroups to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot ofexercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
   　b)不定式表示結(jié)果，特別是在so...as to, such...as to,only to...以及too...to等結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示結(jié)果。

　　【例如】　I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to　find the train already gone.She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.No one is too old to learn.Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?

　　c)不定式常用來修飾形容詞，構(gòu)成下列詞組：be able to,be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to,　be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be readyto, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。

　　【例如】　Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are　friends.

　　6)不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語不定式常跟在下列動(dòng)詞之后作賓語補(bǔ)語：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable,　encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have,inform, invite,let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade,remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch,warn, watch等。

　　【例如】Because of the complexity of the modern equipments,most offices require secretaries to have specified training.He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.　The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.I’d never allow my children to behave like that.當(dāng)不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to,feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感覺到)等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，不定式不帶to.

　 【例如】Whenever something is wrong with you,please do let me know.I will have the students write a passage about Internet.I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighborgirl got seriously hurt in a car accident.It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.

　　7)不定式作主補(bǔ)帶有賓語及賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，
原來的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)則變?yōu)橹餮a(bǔ)。加主補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：assume,believe, know, report, say, suppose等。

　　【例如】Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solvemathematical problems, compose music, walk throughwindows and commit murder in their sleep He is reported to have won the 100�瞞eter running racein the Olympic games.

　　8)不定式作定語
        a)不定式作定語通常要放在其所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。
　　不定式常作下列的名詞定語：attempt, ability, anything,chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure,ntention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure,right, tendency,time, way等。

　　【例如】His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I haveno intention to go to the cinema with you.There is no need to bother him with such triflesThere is a tendency to writer quite long sentencesin commercial correspondence.The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic,but it also put them under a constant emotional strain.(CET-4 1997,6)　A) to compete B) competingC) to be competed D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面應(yīng)接后置定語，表示競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壓力。單個(gè)分詞作定語一般置于名詞前，故B和D可以排除。C為不定式的被動(dòng)式，而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和壓力之間沒有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此正確答案為A。特別注意的是在不定式與其修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，要根據(jù)句子的需要在不定式后加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，這個(gè)介詞的選用取決于被修飾的名詞或不定式本身的要求。

　　【例如】She is a very nice person to work with.This is an important issue to talk about.

　　b)由only, last, next,序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語。

　　【例如】

　　Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the officeand the last man to leave.I don’t think he is the bestone to do the work.

　　9)不帶to的不定式在下列詞組后面的不定式不帶to：would rather ...than(寧愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t helpbut...(不得不), had rather...(寧愿)，cannot but...(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，　let alone(更不用說)。

　【例如】 You’d better return the books to the libraryon time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can’t help but wish that nothing would go wrong.They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.