新東方白易禮：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法筆記(七)

　　例如：

　　He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免給我一個(gè)正確答案。

　　David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.  戴維建議賣掉你的狗和車抵債。

　　(我們把這句話改為虛擬語(yǔ)氣：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. )

　　I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒誤了那趟火車的險(xiǎn)。

　　下列動(dòng)詞既可用動(dòng)詞不定式又可用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)：

　　abhor憎惡，attempt 試圖，begin 開始，cannot bear 無法忍受，cannot stand無法忍受，cease停止，continue，繼續(xù),，decline 拒絕，deserve值得，disdain蔑視，dread害怕，endure忍耐，forget忘記，hate 痛恨，intend打算，learn學(xué)，like 喜歡，loathe厭惡，love喜歡，mean意思是、意味著，need需要，neglect疏忽，omit省略，忽略，plan計(jì)劃，prefer更喜歡，propose建議，regret后悔，remember記得，require需要，scorn蔑視、瞧不起，start開始，try嘗試，努力，entail必須，involve涉及，necessitate使成為必要，等。以上多數(shù)動(dòng)詞用不定式或用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意思一樣，個(gè)別不同。

　　(三)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作介詞賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候最多。尤其是在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：

　　The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子們喜歡流行音樂。

　　Are you interested in going to the show? 你有興趣去看演出嗎?

　　Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.  托馬斯堅(jiān)持按他自己的方法做這件事。

　　我們把這句話改為虛擬語(yǔ)氣：Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his own way.

　　Excuse me for interrupting you. 請(qǐng)?jiān)�諒我打擾你，

　　Since returning from Xi’an, he has been busy. 從西安回來后，他一直很忙。

　　He warned me against swimming in this lake.   他警告我不要在這個(gè)湖里游泳。

　　改為不定式短語(yǔ)：He warned me not to swim in this lake.

　　We came out without being seen. 我們出來沒被人看見。

　　Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out.  做完作業(yè)之前，你最好別出去。

　　改為用before 作連詞：Before you finish your homework, you’d better not go out.

　　(四)動(dòng)名詞也可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，就是在動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)前面加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格。帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)可做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。在非正式文體當(dāng)中，經(jīng)常把物主代詞簡(jiǎn)化為賓格人稱代詞，把名詞所有格簡(jiǎn)化為名詞。例如：

　　I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我堅(jiān)持要他和我一起去看電影。

　　I can hardly imagine Peter(Peter’s) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我簡(jiǎn)直不能想象彼得會(huì)在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋。

　　Linda’s coming will do you good.(主語(yǔ)) 林達(dá)的到來對(duì)你有好處。

　　What made him angry was their (them) laughing.(表語(yǔ))使他生氣的是他們笑。

　　(五)動(dòng)名詞的完成式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

　　(1)完成式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。例如：

　　I apologize for having broken my promise. 我沒有遵守諾言，我道歉。

　　I don’t remember having talked with him before.   我不記得以前曾和他談過話。

　　恨不相逢未嫁時(shí)。 → I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.

　　(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那樣對(duì)待。

　　She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英國(guó)受過訓(xùn)，她感到自豪。

　　他不喜歡嘲笑別人。 →He doesn’t like laughing at others.

　　他不喜歡被人嘲笑�！鶫e doesn’t like being laughed at.