四級(jí)語法講義
一:時(shí)態(tài):所謂的"時(shí)態(tài)",就是時(shí)間+狀態(tài)。謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)見下表:
1.主動(dòng)形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 did do will/shall do should/would do
進(jìn)行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /
完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虛擬語氣
完成進(jìn)行 had been doing have/has been doing / /
2.被動(dòng)形式
過去 現(xiàn)在 將來 過去將來
一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given
進(jìn)行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / /
完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given
完成進(jìn)行 / / /
v CET-4 ?嫉娜N時(shí)態(tài):過去完成時(shí);將來完成時(shí);(現(xiàn)在/過去)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
v 時(shí)間狀語從句當(dāng)中的時(shí)態(tài):
一般過去時(shí) 所有的過去
用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示 現(xiàn)在和將來
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成和將來完成
一.非謂語動(dòng)詞
一.不定式:
一)不定式的?夹问剑
1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被動(dòng)形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
語法功能: 表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生
2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被動(dòng)形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
語法功能:表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前
二)不定式?嫉目键c(diǎn):
1)不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生
2)不定式做狀語----目的
3)不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性,真實(shí)性;
+ doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性,進(jìn)行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí))
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