2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試常用語(yǔ)法精選(8)

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于when引起的從句:

　　Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.

　　如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是完全同時(shí)發(fā)生的, 多用when 或while加分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu).

　　Be careful when crossing the street.

　　When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.

　　She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.

　　前面帶有代詞或名詞的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu): 一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞前面可以加一個(gè)物主代詞(或名詞的所有格結(jié)構(gòu)), 來表示這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ).

　　Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

　　Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.

　　Do you mind my reading your paper?

　　They insisted on my staying there for supper.

　　如果不是在句子開頭, 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常�？梢杂妹�詞的普通格(或人稱代詞賓格), 這比用所有格更自然一些.

　　I don’t mind him going.

　　She hates people losing their temper.

　　只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss

　　既可用動(dòng)名詞, 也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.

　　有時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間意義差別不大, 有時(shí)卻有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等詞后差別是比較明顯的.

　　I remember seeing her once somewhere.

　　I must remember to take my notebooks with me.

　　I regret not having accepted your advice.

　　I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.

　　She doesn’t want (need) to come.

　　The house wants (needs) cleaning.

　　We must try to get everything done in time.

　　Let’s try doing the work some other way.

　　懸垂修飾: 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 表示的必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).

　　Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的動(dòng)作, 正確)

　　Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (錯(cuò)誤)

　　Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正確)

　　Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (錯(cuò)誤)

　　分詞

　　意義: 過去分詞通常來自及物動(dòng)詞, 帶有被動(dòng)意義和完成意義; 而現(xiàn)在分詞有的來自及物動(dòng)詞, 有的來自不及物動(dòng)詞, 通常帶有主動(dòng)意義和未完成意義.

　　frozen food a freezing wind

　　a bored traveller a boring journey

　　a lost cause a losing battle

　　a conquered army a conquering army

　　a finished article the last finishing touch

　　the spoken word a speaking bird

　　a closed shop the closing hour

　　a recorded talk a recording machine