2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試常用語(yǔ)法精選(19)

　　1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely) … when, no sooner … than。

　　I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.

　　He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.

　　You have changed a lot since we met last time.

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還可由某些可充當(dāng)連詞的名詞(the moment, the instant, every time,等)和副詞(instantly, directly等)引導(dǎo)：

　　I will tell you the news the instant I know.

　　Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.

　　Note:

　�、� before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，還可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離很長(zhǎng)或花費(fèi)的力量相比較大，可譯為“…才”。(“not … before” 可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離很短或花費(fèi)的力量相比較小，可譯為“…就”)。

　　It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　They had not been married a month before they quarreled.

　　② 如果位于when引導(dǎo)的分句之前的主句使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)或“was/were about to, was/were on the point of”等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，when表示突然發(fā)生某事，可譯為“正在…突然”或“剛…就”等。這時(shí)，不能夠用as或while來(lái)代替when。

　　I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.

　　She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

　　We were about to leave when it began to rain.

　　2) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition (that), as/so long as, in case等。

　　So long as you work hard, you will surely achieve good results in examinations.

　　I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.

　　I will go provided that you go with me.

　　Please give this letter to John in case he comes.

　　3) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　讓步狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介紹幾種較特殊的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　(1) while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多放在句首，while相當(dāng)于although，表示“盡管”，“雖然”。

　　While I admit I did it, I didn’t intend to.

　　While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.

　　(2) 短語(yǔ)“even now/then/so”相當(dāng)于“though it is/was true”，表示“盡管如此”，“盡管這樣”。

　　The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong.

　　I’ve tried my best, but even now/then she is not satisfied.

　　(3) as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要倒裝。

　　Child as he was, he could speak four languages.

　　Hard as she tried, she failed to get the job.

　　4) 比較狀語(yǔ)從句

　　比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：(not) as … as, (not) the same as, (not) such … as, not so … as, than, the + 比較級(jí)…, the +比較級(jí)…等。

　　We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.

　　She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can).

　�、� 賓語(yǔ)從句

　　1) 及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　有些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句前還可有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)。

　　I remember that we have learned this word before.

　　I don’t understand what you have said.

　　She asked the teacher how she could learn English well.

　　2) 介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　It depends on whether you want to do it or not

　　There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.

　　Note: 在介詞in后面跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，in that可看成是一個(gè)固定的搭配，表示“因?yàn)椤被颉霸凇�方面”�?/P>

　　The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.

　　A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.