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2015年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)備考筆記:翻譯練習(xí)

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  練習(xí)1

  中國(guó)烹飪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中國(guó)文化中有關(guān)烹飪和休閑的重要組成部分。中國(guó)悠久的歷史、廣袤的疆土、好客的習(xí)俗孕育了這一獨(dú)特藝術(shù)。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著稱。它講究原料的選配、食物的質(zhì)地、佐料(seasonings)的調(diào)制、切菜的刀功、適時(shí)的烹調(diào)以及裝盤藝術(shù)。最負(fù)盛名的菜系有南方粵菜、北方魯菜、東部淮揚(yáng)菜和西部川菜,以“南淡北咸,東甜西辣”見(jiàn)稱。

  句1:中國(guó)烹飪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中國(guó)文化中有關(guān)烹飪和休閑的重要組成部分。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:“…是…”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子可以翻譯成使用be動(dòng)詞的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)本句中雖然給出的時(shí)“有關(guān)…”,但仔細(xì)揣摩其意思應(yīng)該是“在…方面”,故譯為in the aspect of.

  Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure.

  句2:中國(guó)悠久的歷史、廣袤的疆土、好客的習(xí)俗孕育了這一獨(dú)特藝術(shù)。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句的主語(yǔ)是三個(gè)并列的偏正短語(yǔ),如果按照原有的語(yǔ)序翻譯成英文。則主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng),不符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此,本句翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該將主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)互換,同時(shí)將“孕育了”意譯為owe…to…(將…歸因于,將…歸功于),三個(gè)并列的短語(yǔ)作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。

  This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition of China.

  句3:中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著稱。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句中“以…而著稱”用be famous for來(lái)表示;“形”不是“形狀”,而是“外觀”,應(yīng)譯為appearance; “俱全”譯為perfect combination of.

  Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”.

  句4:它講究原料的選配、食物的質(zhì)地、佐料(seasonings)的調(diào)制、切菜的刀功、適時(shí)的烹調(diào)以及裝盤藝術(shù)。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句中“講究”即是“注重”,故譯為gives emphasis to; “質(zhì)地”不是“質(zhì)量”,不可譯為quality, 應(yīng)譯為texture. “佐料的調(diào)制”、“切菜的刀功”、“適時(shí)的烹調(diào)”和“裝盤藝術(shù)”依次譯為the blending of seasonings、slicing techniques、the perfect timing of cooking和the art of laying out the food on the plate.

  It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate.

  句5:最負(fù)盛名的菜系有南方粵菜、北方魯菜、東部淮揚(yáng)菜和西部川菜,以“南淡北咸,東甜西辣”見(jiàn)稱。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句可用介詞Among置于句首的倒裝句型,表示眾多最負(fù)盛名的菜系“有…”;后半句是對(duì)前半句內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,可以用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)noted as…(以…著稱)這種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)取消句子的獨(dú)立性,同時(shí)也增  加了句子的節(jié)奏感!安讼怠奔词恰芭蓜e”,用school較為合適,不可以譯為其他詞匯。原文中雖沒(méi)有“味道”二字,但稍微注意一下便可得知“南淡北咸,東甜西辣”說(shuō)的就是“味道”,所以翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)把“味道”(flavor)翻 譯出來(lái)。

  Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”.

  練習(xí)2

  筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中國(guó)飲食文化特色和傳統(tǒng)的重要象征之一?曜佑兄凭玫臍v史,有關(guān)筷子的記載可以追溯到3000多年以前。無(wú)論到何時(shí)何地,中國(guó)人吃飯都很難離開筷子。此外,筷子還可以作為禮儀(etiquette)、饋贈(zèng)、寄情、收藏的特殊工藝品和禮品。如今,筷子已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在全世界很多國(guó)家的餐桌上,西方還流行起了“為了您的健康,請(qǐng)您拿起筷子來(lái)”的時(shí)潮。

  句1:筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中國(guó)飲食文化特色和傳統(tǒng)的重要象征之一。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句的句子主干為“筷子是…之一”,譯為chopsticks are one of…; “最能反映中國(guó)飲食文化特色和傳統(tǒng)”可處理成定語(yǔ)從句,來(lái)修飾“重要象征”,譯為that can most reflect the characteristics and   traditions of Chinese food culture。“象征”譯為symbol.

  譯:Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture.

  句2:筷子有著悠久的歷史,有關(guān)筷子的記載可以追溯到3000多年以前。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句可處理成and連接的并列句。句中“悠久的”可用long來(lái)表達(dá);“有關(guān)…的記載”譯為the records of…; “追溯到”譯為be traced back to。

  Chopsticks have a long history and the records of them can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago.

  句3:無(wú)論到何時(shí)何地,中國(guó)人吃飯都很難離開筷子。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句中“無(wú)論到何時(shí)何地”可處理成狀

  語(yǔ);后面部分可用句型“it is +形容詞+for sb. to do sth.”!半x開筷子”即“沒(méi)有筷子”,可譯為without chopsticks.

  Wherever and whenever, it is hard for Chinese people to have meals without chopsticks.

  句4:此外,筷子還可以作為禮儀(etiquette)、饋贈(zèng)、寄情、收藏的特殊工藝品和禮品。

  思路點(diǎn)撥:本句中 “…可以作為…”可處理成…can be used as…的形式。“此外”可以譯為in addition; “饋贈(zèng)”可譯為gifting;“寄情”即“表達(dá)情感”,可譯為expressing feelings。

  In addition, chopsticks can also be used as special handicrafts and presents for etiquette, gifting, expressing feelings and collection.

  難點(diǎn)注釋:

  句1:白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。

  “指的是”可譯為refer to.

  White pollution refers to plastic pollution.

  句2:不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到處都是。

  Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads.

  句3:塑料購(gòu)物袋在空中飛揚(yáng)。

  “在空中飛揚(yáng)”可譯為dance in the wind.

  Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind.

  句4:如果我們繼續(xù)使用這些會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢?

  If we continue using them, what would happen?

  句5:有一天,它們會(huì)將我們埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。

  “會(huì)將我們埋葬在白色垃圾堆中”可譯為might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish.

  One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish.

  句6:那時(shí)的地球—我們共同的家園將成為一個(gè)垃圾桶(dustbin)。

  Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin.

  句7:為防止這個(gè)噩夢(mèng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí),政府間應(yīng)該互相緊密合作并將口頭承諾付諸實(shí)際行動(dòng)。

  “為防止這個(gè)噩夢(mèng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”譯為目的狀語(yǔ):To prevent this nightmare from coming true; “互相緊密合作”譯為work closely with each other; “將口頭承諾付諸實(shí)際行動(dòng)”譯為back up their verbal commitment by actions.

  譯:To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions.

  句8:同時(shí),我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從自身做起,為綠色環(huán)保出一份力。

  “從自身做起”譯為:start from ourselves.

  譯:We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.

  White pollution refers to plastic pollution. Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. If we continue using them, what would happen? One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.

  練習(xí)3

  唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為是中國(guó)文明最輝煌的時(shí)期。唐朝的首都在長(zhǎng)安。在與印度和中東(the Middle East)的交流中,在他們的促進(jìn)下,唐朝在許多領(lǐng)域里得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。唐朝是文學(xué)和藝術(shù)的黃金時(shí)期。唐朝通過(guò)科舉制度(civil service examinations)在全國(guó)選出優(yōu)秀的儒家文人

  (Confucian literati)為政府效力,而唐朝的政府體系在儒學(xué)官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世紀(jì)中期,唐朝勢(shì)力開始衰落。

  難點(diǎn)注釋

  句1、2:唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為是中國(guó)文明最輝煌的時(shí)期。唐朝的首都在長(zhǎng)安。

  第一、二句在翻譯時(shí)可以整合為一句,其中“唐朝的首都在長(zhǎng)安”可以翻譯為定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。“被…認(rèn)為是…”可以譯為be regarded by …as…; “最輝煌的時(shí)期”即為鼎盛時(shí)期,可譯為a high point.

  Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization.

  句3:在與印度和中東(the Middle East)的交流中,在他們的促進(jìn)下,唐朝在許多領(lǐng)域里得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。

  “與印度和中東(the Middle East)的交流中,在他們的促進(jìn)下”可采用合譯法,即Stimulated by the contact with…Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields.

  句4:唐朝是文學(xué)和藝術(shù)的黃金時(shí)期。

  譯:The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.

  句5:唐朝通過(guò)科舉制度(civil service examinations)在全國(guó)選出優(yōu)秀的儒家文人(Confucian literati)為政府效力,而唐朝的政府體系在儒學(xué)官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。

  此句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,翻譯時(shí),首先理清句子主干:唐朝的政府體系日臻完善。前半句可以處理成一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做原因狀語(yǔ)的形式,即Served by…, serve 本意為“服務(wù)”,也可作“效力”講,與邏輯主語(yǔ)the government system of Tang Dynasty是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞形式;而其中再嵌套一個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)selected through…來(lái)修飾Confucian literati;“在……的支持下”譯為under the support of…。

  Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic.

  句6:公元8世紀(jì)中期,唐朝勢(shì)力開始衰落。

  譯:By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.

  Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization. Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields. The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art. Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic. By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.

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