英語四級新題型(閱讀)沖刺講義【新東方】

考試易犯的五大錯誤 翻譯高分攻略 新四級沖刺方略

第十二課時

詞匯題
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

    There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority（優(yōu)先）it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
    If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
    I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible（難以辨認的）." It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation（動力）to seek improvement.

21. Teachers are different in their opinions about ________.
   A) the difficulties in teaching spelling
   B) the role of spelling in general language development
   C) the complexities of the basic writing skills
   D) the necessity of teaching spelling
22. The expression "play safe" probably means ________.
   A) to write carefully                    C) to use dictionaries frequently
   B) to do as teachers say                 D) to avoid using words one is not sure of
23. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that ________
   A) students will be able to express their ideas more freely
   B) teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
   C) students will have more confidence in writing
   D) students will learn to be independent of teachers
24. The writer seems to think that the teacher's judgement on that sensitive piece of writing is ________
   A) reasonable                          C) foolish
   B) unfair                              D) careless
25. The major point discussed in the passage is ________.
   A) the importance of developing writing skills
   B) the complexities of spelling
   C) the correct way of marking compositions
   D) the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:

    Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there's a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You've got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."
    The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer（自由撰稿者）, I had no prospects at all: What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.
    After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering, What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test — even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.

56. The passage is meant to ________.
   A) warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience
   B) advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer
   C) show young people it's unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame
   D) encourage young people to pursue a writing career
57. What can be concluded from the passage?
   A) Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.
   B) A writer's success depends on luck rather than on effort.
   C) Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.
   D) The chances for a writer to become successful are small.
58. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?
   A) He wasn't able to produce a single book.
   B) He hadn't seen a change for the better.
   C) He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year.
   D) He found his dream would never come true.
59. " ... people who die wondering, What if?" (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to "those" ________.
   A) who think too much of the dark side of life
   B) who regret giving up their career halfway
   C) who think a lot without making a decision
   D) who are full of imagination even upon death
60. "Shadowland" in the last sentence refers to ________.
   A) the wonderland on often dreams about
   B) the bright future that one is looking forward to
   C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached
   D) a world that exists only in one's imagination

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:

    It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
    Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
    Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire（能發(fā)出的全部聲音）. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate（有意識的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

61. By " ... challenges explanation" (Line 2, Para. 1) the author means that ________.
   A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
   B) no explanation has been made up to now
   C) it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
   D) it's high time that an explanation was provided
62. The third paragraph is mainly about ________.
   A) the development of babies' early forms of language
   B) the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
   C) babies' strong desire to communicate
   D) babies' intention to communicate
63. The author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ________.
   A) usually obey without asking questions
   B) are passive in the process of learning to speak
   C) are born cooperative
   D) learn to speak by listening
64. From the passage we learn that ________.
   A) early starters can learn to speak within only six months
   B) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
   C) imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
   D) children have various difficulties in learning to speak
65. The best title for this passage would be ________.
   A) How Babies Learn to Speak               C) A Huge Task for Children
   B) Early Forms of Language                 D) Noise Making and Language Learning

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

    Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as well as such details important notwithstanding（然而）, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus（對，對抗）individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned. And it is unfortunate that there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever this subject is raised. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption（設(shè)想）that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.

31. We can infer from the passage that ________.
   A) people in most countries of the world today are not opposed to living in flats
   B) English people, like most people in other countries, dislike living in flats
   C) people in Britain are forced to move into high blocks of flats
   D) modern flats still fail to provide the necessary facilities for living
32. What is said about the blocks of flats built in the past in Britain?
   A) They were sold to people before necessary facilities were installed.
   B) They were usually not large enough to accommodate big families.
   C) They were mostly inhabited by people who did not earn much.
   D) They provided playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings.
33. The word "rage" (Line 11) means "________."
   A) be ignored                            C) encourage people greatly
   B) be in fashion                          D) develop with great force
34. Some people oppose the building of flats because ________.
   A) the living expenses for each individual family are higher
   B) they believe people like to live in houses with gardens
   C) it involves higher cost compared with the building of houses
   D) the disposal of rubbish remains a problem for those living in flats
35. The author mentions that people who live in suburban houses ________.
   A) do not have access to easy facilities because they live away from the city
   B) have to pay a lot of money to employ people to do service work
   C) have to spend more money and time travelling to work every day
   D) take longer time to know each other because they are a scattered community

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