英語(yǔ)四級(jí)新題型(閱讀)沖刺講義【新東方】

考試易犯的五大錯(cuò)誤 翻譯高分攻略 新四級(jí)沖刺方略

第十三課時(shí)

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

    The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software（軟件）or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.
    I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon（硅）will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.
    As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.

26. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?
   A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.
   B) By either properly programming it or changing its structure.
   C) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.
   D) By reproducing it.
27. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?
   A) He believes they will be useful to human begins.
   B) He believes that they will control us in the future.
   C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.
   D) He doesn't consider the construction of such machines possible.
28. The word "carbon" (Line 4, Para. 2) stands for ________.
   A) intelligent robots                    C) human beings
   B) a chemical element                  D) an organic substance
29. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when ________.
   A) it is able to bear the rough environment
   B) its intelligence and cost are beyond question
   C) it is made as complex as the human brain
   D) its architecture is different from that of the present ones
30. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
   A) after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction.
   B) robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space
   C) once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence
   D) with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability.

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

    When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty（保單）, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
    A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.
    Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
    Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo（立體聲音響）does not work."
    The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers' rights.

31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________.
   A) complain personally to the manager
   B) threaten to take the matter to court
   C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
   D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to ________.
   A) a shop assistant                     C) the manufacturer
   B) the store manager                   D) a public organization
33. The most effective complaint can be made by ________.
   A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
   B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
   C) saying firmly that the item is of poor quality
   D) asking politely to change the item
34. The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.
   A) meet the standard of                 C) fulfil the demands of
   B) realize the purpose of                D) keep the promise of
35. The passage tells us _________.
   A) how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item
   B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
   C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
   D) how to deal with complaints from customers

小結(jié)

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

    The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software（軟件）or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.
    I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon（硅）will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.
    As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.

26. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?
   A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.
   B) By either properly programming it or changing its structure.
   C) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.
   D) By reproducing it.
27. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?
   A) He believes they will be useful to human begins.
   B) He believes that they will control us in the future.
   C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.
   D) He doesn't consider the construction of such machines possible.
28. The word "carbon" (Line 4, Para. 2) stands for ________.
   A) intelligent robots                    C) human beings
   B) a chemical element                  D) an organic substance
29. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when ________.
   A) it is able to bear the rough environment
   B) its intelligence and cost are beyond question
   C) it is made as complex as the human brain
   D) its architecture is different from that of the present ones
30. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
   A) after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction.
   B) robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space
   C) once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence
   D) with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability.

Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
    Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?
    Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.
    A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
    Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.
    The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
    Heroes are catalysts（催化劑）for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated（隔離的）buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.

11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.
   A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristics
   B) probable share some weaknesses of ordinary people
   C) are often influenced by previous generations
   D) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans
12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ________.
   A) they have a vision from the mountaintop
   B) they have warm feelings and emotions
   C) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles
   D) they can make people feel stronger and more confident
13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.
   A) they are popular only among certain groups of people
   B) their performances do not improve their fans morally
   C) their primary concern is their own financial interests
   D) they are not clear about the principles they should follow
14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ________.
   A) are good at demonstrating their charming characters
   B) can move the masses with their forceful speeches
   C) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships
   D) can provide and answer to the problems of their people
15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.
   A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities
   B) not happen with out heroes making the necessary sacrifices
   C) take place if there were heroes to lead the people
   D) produce leaders with attractive personalities

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