新東方：英語四級考試閱讀30天學(xué)習(xí)筆記

　　67. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?

　　A) They have no doubts about them.

　　B) They have doubts about them.

　　C) They approve of them.

　　D) They avoid talking about them.

　　68. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

　　A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.

　　B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.

　　C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.

　　D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.

　　69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _________.

　　A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

　　B) punishment is more effective than rewarding

　　C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards

　　D) discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency

　　70. The phrase "token economies" (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _________.

　　A) ways to develop economy

　　B) systems of rewarding students

　　C) approaches to solving problems

　　D) methods of improving performance

　　Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:

　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (認知學(xué)派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

　　注：1.opposing 相反的

　　2.插入語 from warm praise to cold cash 用來解釋 external rewards

　　3.argue 認為

　　4.maintain 認為，維持

　　●對比型文章：文章提到兩種相反觀點，抓住以下幾點

　　1.文章主題即對比方面;

　　2.抓住各派觀點

　　3.抓住作者態(tài)度(a.支持一派反對另一派 b.中立態(tài)度)

　　The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of

　　small monetary (金錢的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

　　注：1.spark 火花激發(fā)

　　2.作者用詞 careful, properly 表明作者態(tài)度是中立的