2008年12月英語六級考試必看作文寫法分析

　　作文“三段式”的寫作

　　我們常愛說考試作文像“八股文”。的確，在形式上是有些八股，但是這些規(guī)范又是我們所必須掌握的，因?yàn)槔蠋熅透鶕?jù)它來評分，也由不得你喜歡不喜歡。六級作文要求至少120個(gè)詞一般都是寫150~180個(gè)詞，大都是三到四段，因此我將其稱做是“三段式”的寫作，即不論什么題材都要有開頭、展開和結(jié)尾三部分。而且每個(gè)部分的寫法都有一定的套路，掌握了這些套路，就可以使你的文章看起來有條有理。當(dāng)然能不能拿高分就取決于你的內(nèi)容和形式是不是結(jié)合得很好，你對形式會不會靈活編排以避免呆板，你的內(nèi)容是不是充實(shí)豐富以避免單調(diào)。考試作文的套路可以教，內(nèi)容的填寫就要靠同學(xué)們自己在基本功訓(xùn)練階段的努力了

　　1、Well begun is half done：

　　好的開始是成功的一半。文章的開頭是你留給閱卷老師的第一印象，所以這第一炮一定要打響才行，也就是說既清楚明白又引人注目。開頭是總領(lǐng)全文的，有一定的統(tǒng)攝性，因此一定要言簡意賅，不要寫得太長。關(guān)于開頭的寫法，傳統(tǒng)的方法有很多，比較常用的有：

　　1)開門見山。這一般都用于談及對某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或現(xiàn)象的看法的文章，在文章的開頭就簡單的談出個(gè)人看法，然后在下文里展開論述。如：

　　A. The benefits of television: With the improvement of people’s living standard, almost every family can afford to buy a television set. Television is becoming increasingly popular because of its values in entertaining and educating.

　　B. Chinese people in my eye: The Chinese have a 5000 - year history, and modesty, industry, bravery, kindness are the flower of their virtues. In my opinion, they still remain true in reality.

　　2)引用名言。用名人名言或諺語開頭，往往比直接用個(gè)人的話更有說服力，也給文章增添色彩。當(dāng)然這要以廣泛的積累為基礎(chǔ)，不然臨時(shí)可想不出來。在引用古語或名人名言的時(shí)候要注意引用的準(zhǔn)確性，如果把握不準(zhǔn)的話，不如不引用。

　　A. Women are not treated equally with men: “we hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable right...”, the American Declaration of Independence declares. While in china, everyone is familiar with the saying “women are equal with men” or “women can hold half of the sky”. It seems that men and women are treated equally, at least in law. But the reality is a different story.

　　B. Can money buy everything? As the saying goes” Money makes the mare go”, but there is something that can’ t be bought with money, such as time and true love.

　　3)自問自答。通過提問的方式引起讀者對文章的興趣，你可以在篇首就簡單給出答案，也可以將答案放到接下來的段落中。這一般都是用在作文題本身就是提問式或是

　　結(jié)論式的文章中。比如說Should people be always honest?Don’t hesitate to say“NO”!

　　A. What is a good student? Different people may have different answer to this question. Someone thinks that a good student should be good at academic work. Others claim that a good student should be one who is all round development of morality, intelligence and physique. But I think, in addition to the above mentioned, a good student, above all, should be capable of doing practical work, and must be competent in the future work.這是自問自答式的，在第一段中根據(jù)題目所給的問題，先寫出提示中的兩種觀點(diǎn)，然后有連接詞but，提出自己不同的看法，使人對作者的意圖一目了然

　　B. “Reading makes a full man” is a saying of the famous English philosopher Francis Bacon. It means that anyone who wants to be a full man must keep on reading. But books are ot various kinds and different contents, dealing with different things in the world. Then what kind of book should we read? And how to read?這個(gè)開頭段我認(rèn)為是寫得很精彩的，因?yàn)樗�不是純粹的八股式寫法。用名言開頭，最后用問句點(diǎn)明主題。沒有按常規(guī)在開頭即交代兩種相反的觀點(diǎn)，然后說as far as I am concerned…而是在認(rèn)識到讀書的重要性的前提下提出我們該讀什么樣的書和怎么讀，使文章在認(rèn)識上有一定的深度。

　　4)對比式。在命題作文中，它往往會給出一些提示，表明兩種不同的態(tài)度，再要求你寫出自己的看法。用這種開頭的方法要考慮一下整個(gè)文章的布局。如果你的主體是論述個(gè)人的看法而非別人的觀點(diǎn)，那么在開頭就有必要交代一下對于這個(gè)問題目前存在的一些看法。比如以下的例

　　A，考題的提示是：有人說成功主要靠運(yùn)氣，有人則認(rèn)為成功主要靠勤奮，而與運(yùn)氣無關(guān)。你的觀點(diǎn)是什么?說明你的理由。這其實(shí)就是要你以你的理由為表達(dá)主體。如果按照作文提示要求是要把別人的觀點(diǎn)單獨(dú)成段的話，則不需要在開頭展開對雙方看法的論述，留到下面再說。如下面的

　　B，題目要求是：1、有人認(rèn)為業(yè)余時(shí)間應(yīng)多參加一些體育活動。2、有人認(rèn)為業(yè)余時(shí)間應(yīng)多做一些智力活動，如讀書、看報(bào)、寫作等。3、我的看法。這就是要你將題目的要點(diǎn)單獨(dú)成段，所以在開頭就不用交代得太清楚，點(diǎn)到即可。

　　A. How to achieve success: Some people say that the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. There is no doubt that successful people take advantage of opportunities. But if he works little and just waits to see opportunities pass by, he still can’t succeed. So, in my opinion, diligence, devotion and perseverance are three fundamental factors to success.

　　B. How to spend spare time: Physical activities and intellectual pastimes are two basic ways for us to spend our spare time. Different people may have different means of spending their leisure time.

　　5)講故事。這種方法比較新穎，能使文章活潑有趣，但是要注意故事的長短。如果你整篇文章都要圍繞該故事展開，你的開頭即是故事的開頭。如果你僅是用其做個(gè)例子，就要寫得簡單清楚，往往可以是生活中常遇到的一些情景。

　　Most of us may have such experience: when you go to some place far away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street, perhaps both of you would cry out: “what a small world!”