03年11月北京成人本科學(xué)位英語考試A卷（答案精析）

2003年11月北京成人本科學(xué)位英語考試A卷

新大綱后的第一套題
PartⅠReading Comprehension  
Passage 1 
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: 
After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest.

There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. 

Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly ( although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement. 

 (77) If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believed that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!

【文章大意及重要詞匯】

在繁忙的工作和活動(dòng)了一天之后,你的身體需要休息。睡眠對(duì)良好的健康是必要（necessary）。在這段時(shí)間里,身體從前一天（previous）的勞累中恢復(fù)（recover）過來。睡眠時(shí)獲得的能量使你的身體為第二天做準(zhǔn)備（prepare）。

睡眠一共有四個(gè)階段，其程度是逐漸加深的。在你睡覺的時(shí)候，你的肌肉（muscle）逐漸放松（relax）下來，心跳減緩，大腦活動(dòng)放慢。在到達(dá)第四個(gè)階段之后，你的身體將在四個(gè)階段之間循環(huán)。

盡管你的大腦放松下來了，但是你還會(huì)不時(shí)的做夢。研究睡眠的專家指出，在你做夢的時(shí)候你的眼珠（eyeball）開始快速運(yùn)動(dòng)。這個(gè)階段我們稱之為REM，他表示快速的眼部運(yùn)動(dòng)。如果你入睡困難，有些人建議進(jìn)行深呼吸。有些人認(rèn)為，和熱牛奶使人有睡意（drowsy）從而有助于入睡，還有一個(gè)建議就是通過數(shù)羊來加速睡眠。 

1. A good title for this passage is_____. 
A. Sleep                     B. Good Health 
C. Dreams                   D Work and Rest
答案：A 主旨題。適合文章的題目是？A, 睡眠。文章的第一段告訴我們，Sleep is necessary for good health，第二段和最后一段也提出了睡眠分四個(gè)階段及REM節(jié)段，文章是圍繞睡眠展開的。

2. The word drowsy in the last paragraph means____. 
A. sick                      B. stand up 
C. asleep                    D. a little sleepy
答案：D 詞匯題。最后一段中drowsy 是什么意思？D, 欲睡的，困的。根據(jù)意思應(yīng)選D 。

3. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you____. 
A. dream more often           B. have poor health 
C. nervous                   D. breathe quickly
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章暗示出，睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致？B, 健康狀況差。根據(jù)文章和常識(shí)可以選出是B。 

4. During REM,_____. 
A. your eyes move quickly      B. you dream 
C. you are restless             D. both A and B
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)題。在REM節(jié)段，會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列那些行為？D，眼睛快速的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和做夢。文章最后一段講，Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly 。This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement。 

5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is _____. 
A. approximately six hours      B. around ten hours 
C. about eight hours            D. not stated here
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)題。成人每天需要多長時(shí)間的睡眠？D, 文章沒有告訴。文章雖是講睡眠的但是沒有告訴我們成人的睡眠量是多少，所以應(yīng)選D。

Passage 2 
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: 
Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages. 

(78) In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. With a TV set in the family people don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera. All they have to do is to push a button or turn a knob, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. Some people, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have use his legs if he has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part. 

Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events and the latest developments in science and politics. The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into one’s sitting room. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical charm for us. (79) We get so used to looking at the movements on it, so dependent on its pictures, that it begins to control our lives. People are often heard to say that their television sets have broken down and that they have suddenly found that they have far more time to do things and that they have actually begun to talk to each other again. It makes one think, doesn’t it? 

There are many other arguments for and against television. We must realize that television itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society.

【文章大意及重要詞匯】

很明顯，電視有利（advantage）也有弊（disadvantage）。

首先電視不僅是一種便利（convenient）而且相對(duì)便宜的娛樂（entertainment）方式，家里有了電視，人們就沒有必要花大量金錢去劇院（theatre）、電影院或者歌劇院了。他們只需要按一下開關(guān)（button）就可以在家里看各種比賽、電影、歌劇以及其他各種各樣的電視節(jié)目。但是，有些人也提出了電視的弊病所在，觀眾什么也不用做，如果有遙控器的話，他們甚至不用走路。他們沒有自己的選擇和判斷（judgment），也無法鍛煉自己。他們完全是被動(dòng)（passive）的，它不需要做任何的努力。

電視讓我們了解時(shí)事和科學(xué)及政治的發(fā)展。即使最遙遠(yuǎn)的國家和最奇怪的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣（customs）也可以通過電視在家里得知。有人爭論（argue）到，收音機(jī)也有這樣的功能，但是電視展現(xiàn)給人的是更生動(dòng)和逼真的畫面。但是它也有弊端。電視屏幕對(duì)人的身體沒有好處。我們?nèi)绱肆?xí)慣的看屏幕上的一舉一動(dòng)，如此依賴于（dependent on）看它展現(xiàn)給我們的畫面，以至于電視開始控制我們的生活。有些時(shí)候，我們會(huì)聽到人們說電視壞了，他們突然之間意識(shí)到自己有大量的時(shí)間干別的事情了，也開始彼此交流了。這發(fā)人深思，事嗎？

關(guān)于電視弊和利的討論還很多，我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到電視本身是沒有好壞的，它對(duì)社會(huì)的價(jià)值取決于人們?nèi)绾稳ビ盟��?

6. What is the major function of paragraph 1? 
A. To arouse the reader’s concern 
B. To introduce the theme of the whole passage 
C. To summarize the whole passage 
D. To state the primary uses of TV
答案：B 推理題。文章第一段話的主要作用是？B，介紹文章的主旨。第一段話，很明顯，電視有利也有弊。這是對(duì)文章主旨的介紹。

7. Television, as a source of entertainment, is____. 
A. not very convenient        B. very expensive 
C. quite dangerous           D. relatively cheap
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)題。電視作為一種娛樂方式，是——D，相對(duì)便宜。根據(jù)文章的第二段第一句，首先電視不僅是一種便利而且相對(duì)便宜的娛樂方式，得出答案是D。 

8. Why are some people against TV? 
A. Because TV programs are not interesting 
B. Because TV viewers are totally passive 
C. Because TV prices are very high. 
D. Because TV has both advantages and disadvantages
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)題。為什么有些人反對(duì)電視？B，因?yàn)榭措娨暤娜送耆�是被�?dòng)的。文章第二段，Some people, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have use his legs if he has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part.，可以看出答案是B。

9. One of the most obvious advantages of TV is that____. 
A. it keeps us informed        B. it is very cheap 
C. it enables us to have a rest    D. it controls our lives
答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)題。電視一個(gè)最明顯的好處是？A，讓我們獲取信息。本文第三段，Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events and the latest developments in science and politics，應(yīng)該選A。 

10. According to the passage, whether TV is good or not depends on____. 
A. its quality                 B. people’s attitude towards it 
C. how we use it              D. when we use it
答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章，電視的好壞取決于？C，我們怎么使用它。文章最后一段話，It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society。 

Passage 3 
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: 
Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing what lies in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. As a result, they are employed doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. (80) Our school leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. Some stay long at a job and learn to like it; others quit from one to another looking for something to suit them. The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a salary up to their expectation. 

Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own abilities. The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all grope (摸索) in the dark and their chief concern when they look for a job is to ask what salary is like. They never bother to think whether they are suited for the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your dependants with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and, in many ways, determines social status in life, selection of friends, leisure and interest. 

In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest. Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest, for it will not only discourage your desire to succeed in life but also ruin your talents and ultimately make you an emotional wreck (受到嚴(yán)重傷害的人) and a bitter person.

【文章大意及重要詞匯】

   年輕人是很偶然（by accident）找到工作的，而不考慮提升（promotion）的機(jī)會(huì)（opportunity），快樂和安全的因素。結(jié)果他們找的工作給他們很少甚至根本沒有滿足感。我們的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生面臨著如此激烈的競爭（competition），因此他們很少在乎從事何種工作，只要能謀生就行了。有些人長時(shí)間干同一份工作，并且試著去喜歡它；有些人放棄了一個(gè)又一個(gè)工作，一直在找適合他們的。剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生（graduation）要找的工作使那些能滿足他們薪水（salary）要求的。

   大部分人進(jìn)入社會(huì)卻不知道自己想要什么和真正了解自己的能力。所有這些疑惑是由于我們的教育體制（institution）沒有給學(xué)生提供一個(gè)合適的職業(yè)指南（guidance）造成的，所有的人都是在摸索（grope）中前進(jìn)，他們在找工作時(shí)首要考慮的是薪水，卻從來不去認(rèn)真的考慮他們是否適合做這些工作或者這樣的工作是否適合他們。工作不單單是為你和需要你養(yǎng)活的人提供每天的食物和用于工作之余休閑（leisure）娛樂（entertainment）的消費(fèi)，更重要的是它決定了你的生活方式，影響著你的社會(huì)地位（status），朋友的選擇和興趣所在。沒有什么比擁有一份自己不喜歡的工作更可悲（pathetic）的了，因?yàn)檫@樣的工作不但挫�。╠iscourage）了你對(duì)成功的渴望，而且妨礙了你對(duì)天賦（talent）的發(fā)揮，最終使你變成一個(gè)精神上受到嚴(yán)重傷害的人（wreck），和備感痛苦的人。 

11. The reason why some people are unlikely to succeed in life is that they  
A. have ruined their talents 
B. have taken on an unsuitable job 
C. think of nothing but their salary 
D. are not aware of their own potential
答案：B 推理題。有些人很難取得成功是因?yàn)樗麄儯緽，找了一個(gè)不合適的工作。整個(gè)文章都在講年輕人是很偶然找到工作的，因此他們在工作中很少甚至根本沒有滿足感，由此可以推出應(yīng)選B。 

12. The difficulty in choosing a suitable job lies mainly in that_____. 
A. much competition has to be faced 
B. many employees have no working experience 
C. the young people only care about how much they can earn 
D. schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)題。年輕人很難找到適合自己的工作是因?yàn)�？D，學(xué)校沒有給學(xué)生適當(dāng)?shù)膿駱I(yè)指南。文章第二段，The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution。

13. Which of the following statements is most important according to the passage? 
A. Your job must suit your interest. 
B. Your job must set a pattern of life. 
C. Your job must offer you a high salary. 
D. Your job must not ruin your talents.
答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章，下列哪一個(gè)是最重要的？A，你的工作必須是你喜歡的。文章第三段，In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest，選A。 

14. The best title for this passage would be____. 
A. What Can A Good Job Offer 
B. Earning A Living 
C. Correct Attitude On Job-hunting 
D. How To Choose A Job
答案：D 主旨題。最適合文章的標(biāo)題是那一個(gè)？D，如何找一份好工作。據(jù)文章大意得出應(yīng)選D。

15. The word “ pathetic” in Paragraph 2 most probably means____. 
A. splendid             B. miserable 
C. disgusted            D. touching 
答案：B 詞匯。文章第二段中的pathetic 的意思是？B，痛苦的，悲慘的，可憐。文章最后一段，Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest。

Part II  Vocabulary and Structure
16. Today books are_____ to everyone because they are no longer expensive. 
A. available                  B. preferable 
C. reliable                   D. actual
答案：A 詞義辨析。Available 可用的，可以得到的。Preferable 更可取的，更好的。Reliable 可靠的，可信賴的。Actual 實(shí)際的，真實(shí)的。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選A。

17. We shall ask for samples_____ and then we can make our decision. 
A. to be sent                 B. being sent 
C. to sent                    D. to have been sent
答案：A 不定式的用法。送樣品是將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)該用不定式；但是樣品和送之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；綜合兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)應(yīng)選A。

18. The forest fire caused by the volcano is difficult to be_____. 
A. put off                   B. put away 
C. put out                   D. put up
答案：C 短語辨析。根據(jù)題干大火應(yīng)該是被撲滅的，應(yīng)選C，put out 撲滅，出版。

19. It was not_____ midnight that they discovered the children were not in their beds. 
A. before             B. at            C. after           D. until
答案：D 固定搭配。It is…that 是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可以看出本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間。A、B、C、D項(xiàng)都可以和midnight 進(jìn)行搭配，但能和not 連用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的只有D項(xiàng)，只有….才….。

20. The girl is not happy at the new school. She has _____ friends there. 
A. few               B. a few         C. little           D. quite a few
答案：A 詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)是幾乎沒有的意思，而且few還是修飾可數(shù)名詞的，其它項(xiàng)都不符合題意，所以應(yīng)選A。 

21. Robots have already_____ human tasks in the industrial field. 
A. taken on           B. taken out      C. taken up        D. taken over
答案：A 詞義辨析。take on 承擔(dān)，從事。take out 拿出，帶出。take up 開始從事，占據(jù)。take over接管，接收。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。 

22. I can’t find the recorder in the room. It ____   by somebody. 
A. must have taken            B. may have taken 
C. may have been taken        D. should have been taken
答案：C 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測。首先根據(jù)by可以看出應(yīng)該選的是被動(dòng)式，首先可排除A和B項(xiàng)，而C項(xiàng)的may 是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去不太肯定的推測，D項(xiàng)should表示據(jù)事實(shí)而論，所以根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。

23. He took the medicine, but it didn’t have any_____. 
A. answer            B. cause         C. effect          D. effect
答案：C 詞義辨析。Answer 答案。Cause 原因。Effect 作用，影響。Effect 工作。據(jù)句意應(yīng)選C。 

24. It is_____ that over one million Americans now live below the poverty line. 
A. judged            B. estimated      C. calculated      D. considered
答案：B 詞義辨析。Judged 審理，斷定。Estimated 粗略的計(jì)算或由不完全資料計(jì)算的；估計(jì)，預(yù)算，常用It is estimated…這樣的句型。Calculated 計(jì)算。Considered 考慮。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。