Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.

　　(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

　　Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol

　　(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

　　David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

　　If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

　　(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

　　The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

　　(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

　　參考譯文：但是，盡管使用英語者的人數(shù)在不斷增加/說英語的人越來越多，卻仍然有跡象表明，英語語言的全球主導地位在不久的將來/可預見的未來也許會慢慢衰退。

　　句子解析：本句很簡單，主句是there be 結構，主句前是讓步狀語，signs后面是that引導的同位語從句，對signs進行進一步的補充說明。同位語從句中是主謂結構，the global predominance of the language 是主語，may fade 是謂語，within結構是時間狀語。expands的詞義不應該選擇常用的“擴展”意思，而應該結合前面和它搭配的number，而選擇“增加”的意思。

　　(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

　　參考譯文：因此，大衛(wèi)格蘭多的分析可能會終結某些人的自滿態(tài)度，這些人認為，英語在全世界的地位十分穩(wěn)固，英國的年輕一代人根本不需要學習其他的語言。

　　句子解析：此句為復合句，who之前是主句，結構是主謂賓，His analysis是主語，he指代的是前面的大衛(wèi)，end是核心謂語動詞，any self-contentedness是賓語，among those是狀語，who引導定語從句修飾those，定語從句中who做主語，believe是謂語，that引導賓語從句做believe的賓語，賓語從句中global position of English是主語，后面是系表結構，that引導結果狀語從句，結果狀從中是主謂賓結構。詞匯部分，self-contentedness可能是難點，意思是“自滿，自大”，因為contend是滿意的意思，additional在考研英語翻譯中常用的譯法是“新的，另外的”，此處翻譯可采用詞性轉換。還有who引導的定語從句的處理方法，可以重復先行詞“那些人”，采用后置法。

　　(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

　　參考譯文：很多國家正在把英語列入小學課程范圍，但是英國的中小學生似乎并沒有受到更多的鼓勵去流利地掌握其他語言。

　　句子解析：此句是but連接的并列復合句，前半句是主謂賓加狀語的結構，很簡單，后半句也是主謂賓結構，British schoolchildren and students是主語，do not appear to be gaining是復合謂語，greater encouragement是賓語，to achieve fluency in other languages是不定式短語做encouragement的后置定語。Curriculum是課程的意思，fluency是流利，流暢的意思。

　　(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.

　　參考譯文：大衛(wèi).格蘭多指出的這些變化給英國的英語教學工作者提出了明確的和巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，這些英語教學工作是面向其他國家的人和更為廣泛的商業(yè)教育機構的。

　　句子解析：此句是簡單句，修飾成分較多，稍有些復雜，The changes是主語，identified by David Graddol是過去分詞短語做后置定語修飾changes，identified可以理解為“發(fā)現(xiàn)，指出”， present是謂語動詞， 是“體現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)”的意思，clear and major challenges是賓語，to UK`s providers of English language teaching是介詞短語做后置定語修飾challenges，providers 本意是供應商，此處可以理解為“英語教學工作者”，to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.是后置定語修飾English language teaching。

　　50. It gives a basis to all organizations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.

　　參考譯文：這一研究為所有試圖促進英語學習和使用的機構提供了一個依據(jù)，這一依據(jù)是為了滿足可能會出現(xiàn)不同操作情況/運行環(huán)境的可能性的。

　　句子解析：主句是主謂賓加狀語結構，it是代詞指代，指代前文的study，basis應該理解為“依據(jù)”，which引導定語從句修飾organizations，翻譯時可以采用前置法，定語從句中which做主語，seek to promote是謂語動詞，the learning and use of English是賓語，a basis是前面主句賓語basis的同位語，for planning to meet the possibilities介詞短語做后置定語修飾basis，of what could be a very different operating environment介詞短語做后置定語修飾possibilities。

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