Section II Use of English

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

　　Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.

　　Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.

　　Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.

　　Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.

　　21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical

　　22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily

　　23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with

　　24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark

　　25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental

　　26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing

　　27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to

　　28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about

　　29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance

　　30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality

　　31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter

　　32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake

　　33. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events

　　34. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill

　　35. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply

　　36. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where

　　37. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole

　　38. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate

　　39. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess

　　40. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving

　　Section III Reading Comprehension

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.

　　In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.

　　41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.

　　[A] the definition of maturity has changed

　　[B] the industrialized society is more developed

　　[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made（C）

　　[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance

　　42. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.

　　[A] graduations from schools and colleges

　　[B] social recognition

　　[C] socio-economic status（A）

　　[D] certain behavioral changes

　　43. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.

　　[A] eleven years old

　　[B] sixteen years old

　　[C] twenty-one years old（C）

　　[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old

　　44. Starting from 22, ________.

　　[A] one will obtain more basic rights

　　[B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have

　　[C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21（C）

　　[D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society

　　45. According to the passage, it is true that ________.

　　[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed

　　[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one

　　[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license（A）

　　[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm

考研

　　2012考研英語(yǔ)完型：學(xué)會(huì)尋找線(xiàn)索靈活答題

　　考試吧整理：2012考研英語(yǔ)核心詞匯大全

　　2012考研英語(yǔ)完形：重在句子分析及詞匯積累