例3、Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding-the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal.” We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disabled or not—to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

61. This passage mainly deals with . (1994)

(A) the differences of children in their learning

capabilities

(B) the definition of exceptional children in modern

society

(C) the special educational programs for exceptional

children

(D) the necessity of adapting education to exceptional

children

解析：

第一步：判斷本題目屬于中心思想題；因此進入中心思想題的解題方法；

第二步：閱讀文章首、末段首、末句4句話，使用剝洋蔥式句子結構分析法得知這個4句話的意思(限于篇幅的原因我們就不一一翻譯了)；翻譯后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使翻譯為中文我們還是不知道文章的論點是什么。因此進入第2解題的思維：找最佳答案；

第三步：A的意思是孩子在學習能力上的不同，但是文章的4句話并沒有講到學習能力的問題，因此是無關選項；B的意思是例外的孩子(弱智兒童)在現(xiàn)代社會的定義，文章4句話雖然講到了exceptional

children，但是并沒有給它下定義，因此也是無關選項；C的意思是針對exceptional

children的特別的項目，文章在最后一段講到了這個問題；D的意思是調(diào)整教育以適應那些exceptional

children的必要性，文章也講到了；因此答案必然在C和D中產(chǎn)生，那就比較它們的不同，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個強調(diào)項目，一個強調(diào)必要性，而文章的4句話是強調(diào)必要性的多一點，因此應該選D；

例4、Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.

That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).

20. The passage is mainly about . (1998)

(A) the features of volcanic activities

(B) the importance of the theory about drifting plates

(C) the significance of hot spots in geophysical

studies

(D) the process of the formation of volcanoes

解析：

第一步：判斷本題目屬于中心思想題；因此進入中心思想題的解題方法；

第二步：閱讀文章首、末段首、末句4句話，使用剝洋蔥式句子結構分析法得知這個4句話的意思(限于篇幅的原因我們就不一一翻譯了)；翻譯后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使翻譯為中文我們還是不知道文章的論點是什么。因此進入第2解題的思維：找最佳答案；

第三步：A的意思是火山運動的特征，該4句論點句并沒有講到這個問題，因此屬于無關選項；B的意思是漂流板塊理論的重要性，4句論點句也沒有談到漂流板塊的問題，同A；C的意思是

hot spots在地球物理學研究中的重要性，文章講到了hot spots的重要性，那么講到地球物理學了嗎？其實火山運動不就是地球物理學的一部分嗎？因此看一個選項講到?jīng)]有，不應該僅僅看有沒有一樣的單詞文章中出現(xiàn)沒有，而且還要看相近意思的單詞或句子出現(xiàn)沒有，因此C是符合原文意思的正確選項，但是不能立刻選擇，因為我們找的是最佳答案；D的意思是火山構成的過程，雖然這個4句話講到了火山，但是沒有談及火山構成過程的問題，屬于無關選項；因此這個題目應該選C。