英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)答疑之閱讀理解新題型解析——07年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)新題型實(shí)例解析
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41~45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids
B. Build You Kids’ Work Skills
C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
G. Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility
How Can a Parent Help?
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”:
41
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty, in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.
42
Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own carcer and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.
43
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.
44
Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information is passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids so develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.
45
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these thins and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults, must feel they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
07年的考研英語(yǔ)新題型選擇了標(biāo)題選擇題，這種題型是幾種備選中難度相對(duì)較小的一種。這篇文章主要講述青少年如何在父母的指導(dǎo)之下，給自己設(shè)定一個(gè)培養(yǎng)自己未來(lái)的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃、并提高自己的職業(yè)綜合能力。我們結(jié)合具體的題目對(duì)這一類(lèi)的新題型閱讀題進(jìn)行分析：
第41題：這一題考查的是指代關(guān)系，答題的主要線索是you這個(gè)單詞。這里的you指代孩子的家長(zhǎng)，而不外乎是加強(qiáng)家長(zhǎng)如何了解自己孩子的優(yōu)、缺點(diǎn)，然后幫助孩子確定未來(lái)的職業(yè)生涯。我們要注意到下面的periodically review的表達(dá)，這里面沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，但我們可以從上下文看出父母是做主語(yǔ)的概念，了解了線索you，我們就應(yīng)該比較容易的判斷出正確的選項(xiàng)。
第42題：這一題也要注意一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的詞匯線索models，這個(gè)是題目中最常見(jiàn)、最簡(jiǎn)單的線索。此題可以把詞匯的線索細(xì)分為詞匯的重復(fù)，但是本題的重復(fù)不是簡(jiǎn)單的同一個(gè)詞重復(fù)，而是比較側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生基本功的同義詞重復(fù)，分析到這一點(diǎn)我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，題干當(dāng)中A選項(xiàng)其中的一個(gè)單詞example是和models是一致的，所以可以判斷出正確的答案是A。
第43題：從本段第一句話看多次出現(xiàn)了responsible和responsibility這些相同詞根的詞，所以有同學(xué)就會(huì)以為可能要選的是G，但是如果把這一段認(rèn)真讀完的話你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)這個(gè)G是干擾項(xiàng)，在這一段中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，homework deadline、organization skills以及managing time和setting priorities這些詞匯都反應(yīng)體現(xiàn)的是工作的技巧，這幾組詞屬于什么呢？我們稱(chēng)之為同一詞匯搭配和同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯的體現(xiàn)，那么我們選完之后可以判斷，正確的答案不外乎就是B。
第44題：把全段內(nèi)容讀完之后就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，整段講的就是娛樂(lè)和工作的關(guān)系問(wèn)題，從這里面可以判斷出選擇C，應(yīng)該是正確答案。
第45題：45題主要考查的是邏輯關(guān)系，考邏輯關(guān)系的題目的基本思路是：一般先描述問(wèn)題，然后提出問(wèn)題的的解決方法和對(duì)解決方法是否有效的評(píng)論，這段話的大意其實(shí)可以分為兩個(gè)部分，第一個(gè)部分是前兩段，表達(dá)青少年應(yīng)該具備什么樣的素質(zhì)，比如處理問(wèn)題、解決沖突、頭腦風(fēng)暴乃至批判性思考等這樣的一些基本素質(zhì)；而本段的關(guān)鍵其實(shí)是在第二部分，就是最后一句話，也就是他問(wèn)采用什么樣的方法可以鍛煉孩子的基本素質(zhì)，其實(shí)也就是家庭性的討論，discussion at home，從這些問(wèn)題我們可以歸納出一個(gè)具有共同性的特征，都是集體性的問(wèn)題，什么概念呢？需要處理的這些問(wèn)題，青少年需要具備的這些素質(zhì)都要涉及到幾個(gè)人，而非個(gè)體的問(wèn)題。E選項(xiàng)的最后兩個(gè)詞“coping strategies”(合作協(xié)調(diào)戰(zhàn)略)，從這里可以判斷45題選擇E。
從整體上看，這類(lèi)新題型的篇幅不長(zhǎng)，難度也不是很大，因此這一部分的整體得分也會(huì)有所上浮。不過(guò)這并不意味著今年即將步入考場(chǎng)的同學(xué)們可以相應(yīng)減少對(duì)新題型的練習(xí)。因?yàn)閺慕鼛啄甑目荚嚽闆r看，新題型一直是得分率較低的試題，文章難度并不比閱讀理解難很多，但新題型的其它幾種類(lèi)型的答題難度較大，所以同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中仍然要特別注意新題型的訓(xùn)練。在練習(xí)的過(guò)程中，詞匯量和閱讀理解能力是基礎(chǔ)，相對(duì)于其它題型來(lái)說(shuō)，新題型的答題技巧更加重要，這需要同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)的過(guò)程中適應(yīng)并掌握。
相關(guān)鏈接：2008年考研英語(yǔ)作文指導(dǎo)：黃金預(yù)測(cè)范文13篇
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