考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解命題思路透析和真題揭秘(13)

2002年Text 1

　　If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.��
 
　　Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."��
 
　　If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.��
 
　　If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.��
 
　　Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pickout a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

45. The best title for the text may be .��
[A] Use Humor Effectively.��
[B] Various Kinds of Humor.��
[C] Add Humor to Speech.��
[D] Different Humor Strategies.

[答案] A

[解題思路]

　　文章的第一、二、三段主要談?wù)摰氖侨绾螌?duì)不同的人用不同的話題表達(dá)幽默，第四段討論了如何取得好的幽默效果，最后一段則介紹了一種表達(dá)幽默的方法，可見(jiàn)作者的目的是在于教會(huì)讀者如何有效地利用幽默，與A選項(xiàng)相符合。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都只概括了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，而且也都是圍繞著第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容來(lái)表述的。因此正確答案為A。

[題目譯文]

本文的最佳標(biāo)題可能是                      。
[A] 有效地使用幽默
[B] 幽默種種
[C] 為談話增加幽默
[D] 不同的幽默策略

2003年Text 1
　　
　　Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.
　　
　　The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
　　
　　Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc.], a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia. to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at
　　
　　Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.
　　
　　Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to
[A] introduce the topic of online spying.
[B] show how he fought for the U.S.
[C] give an episode of the information war.
[D] honor his unique services to the CIA

[答案] A

[解題思路]

　　文章第一段的前三句講了多諾汶作為間諜的經(jīng)歷和故事，并在該段末尾通過(guò)間諜行業(yè)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)系來(lái)引出本文的主題，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)系來(lái)引出本文的主題，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)改變了情報(bào)搜集行業(yè)的發(fā)展，因而正確答案為A。而B(niǎo)、C、D選項(xiàng)均不涉及本文的主題。需要注意的是，英文報(bào)刊文章中經(jīng)常通過(guò)一個(gè)故事來(lái)引出一篇文章的中心思想，目的在于通過(guò)故事來(lái)吸引讀者的注意力和興趣。在這種情況下，文章的主題一般出現(xiàn)在文章第一段的末尾。

[題目譯文]

文章中提到多諾汶故事的目的在于                      。
[A] 引出網(wǎng)上諜報(bào)活動(dòng)這個(gè)話題
[B] 說(shuō)明他如何為美國(guó)而戰(zhàn)斗
[C] 舉出信息戰(zhàn)的一段插曲
[D] 贊揚(yáng)他為中央情報(bào)局做出的特殊貢獻(xiàn)