考研英語閱讀理解命題思路透析和真題揭秘(26)

1998年Passage 1

　　Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
 
　　The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
 
　　But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
 
　　And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
 
　　Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.
 
　　Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved.

52. In paragraph 5, "the powerless" probably refers to _____ .
[A] areas short of electricity
[B] dams without power stations
[C] poor countries around India
[D] common people in the Narmada Dam area

[答案] D

[解題思路]

　　本題對應信息為第五段的"And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction"（該大壩將給平民帶來苦難，而且也會不可避免地破壞那里的環(huán)境，但世界銀行仍然一意孤行）。特別需要指出的是，下一句還用到了"the powerful"，和"the powerless"相對應，都是"the + 形容詞"表示某一類人的說法。The powerful指的是有權勢的人，相應的the powerless就是沒有權勢的普通老百姓。

[題目譯文]

在第五段中，"the powerless"的意思有可能是          。
[A] 缺電的地區(qū)
[B] 沒有發(fā)電站的水壩
[C] 印度周邊的窮國
[D] 納爾馬達大壩地區(qū)的普通百姓