考研英語閱讀理解命題思路透析和真題揭秘(40)

　　1997年Passage 3

　　Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase "substance abuse" is often used instead of "drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

　　We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

　　Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.

　　62. From the last paragraph we can infer that _____.

　　[A] stimulants function positively on the mind

　　[B] hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health

　　[C] depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances

　　[D] the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups

　　[答案] B

　　[解題思路]

　　本題應將選項與最后一段一一對應排除。A選項對應于第三句話"Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system"(興奮劑主要起到加速或激活中樞神經系統(tǒng)活動的作用)，但選項中認為"對于頭腦有積極的作用"這一點在原文沒有提及。C選項顯然是錯誤的，因為文中沒有提到這三種物質中哪一種是worst。D選項的說法則在原文也沒有涉及到。而B選項對應于倒數(shù)第二句話"Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations"(幻覺劑主要影響人的感知，通過各種不同的方式對感知加以扭曲或改變，其中包括產生幻覺。這些物質常被認為能"引起幻覺")，說明hallucinogen本身就有害于健康，因此B選項符合原文，是正確答案。

　　[題目譯文]

　　從最后一段我們可以推斷 。

　　[A] 興奮劑對于頭腦有積極的作用

　　[B] 幻覺劑本身就對身體有害

　　[C] 鎮(zhèn)靜劑是心理活性物質中最差的一種

　　[D] 三種心理活性物質通常都一起使用