歷年考研英語(yǔ)試題命題特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律(寫(xiě)作B部分)

　　(五)短文寫(xiě)作中的經(jīng)典語(yǔ)義過(guò)渡的模式以及必備句型

　　考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的題材多數(shù)同我們?nèi)粘Ｉ�活相關(guān)，通常涉及事物間的比較，要求說(shuō)明其相似性、相異性和事物之間的因果關(guān)系;有時(shí)要求考生分析事實(shí)，找出原因或解決問(wèn)題的方法，或?qū)σ粋�(gè)問(wèn)題提出個(gè)人看法等。所以考生在復(fù)習(xí)寫(xiě)作時(shí)，要盡可能熟悉和掌握表達(dá)這些關(guān)系的常用句型，這將對(duì)提高寫(xiě)作能力有較大幫助。

　　1.表示相似性的句型

　　①M(fèi)oral corruption(A)is to the State(B)as physical disease(C)is to an individual body(D).(A之于B猶如C之于D)

　�、贘ust as woods are indispensable to birds，so is the earth to human beings.(正如…，…也如此)

　�、跘s far as personality is concerned，Tom (A) and Peter (B) have almost everything in common.(A和B有共同之處)

　�、躆y hobby (A) is similar to his (B) in that we both like collecting records，foreign and domestic. (A與B相似)

　�、軦s the economies of all countries are closely interrelated no country can develop in self-seclusion. The same is true of China. (The same is true of. The same can be said of... 也是如此)

　　2.表示相異性的句型

　�、貰eijing (A) is populous and crowded，while Canberra (B) is just the opposite.(A與B正相反)

　�、贑hina’s condition (A) differs from ours (B) in that China has the largest population in the world. (A不同于B在于)

　�、踂hile it may be true that basketball and volleyball share certain features，the excitement each arouses in the spectators is not the same.(…是不相同的)

　　3.表示權(quán)衡性的句型

　�、買(mǎi)t seems safe to say that the advantages of marriage outweigh the disadvantages of divorce.(利大于弊)

　�、赑erhaps nothing can rival the pleasure from reading. (…是無(wú)與倫比的)

　�、跿here could be no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.(既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn))

　�、躆en (A)may be superior to women(B) in physical affairs. Yet，there is no difference in intelligence.(A優(yōu)于B)

　　⑤People’s attitude towards drugs varies from person to person.(…是因人而異的)

　　4.表示過(guò)渡性的句型(承上啟下，使新觀點(diǎn)不至于顯得突兀、武斷)

　　①Some people argue as if it is a general truth that ，I cannot agree with them for the following reasons.. But to be frank

　�、贏ccording to/As can be seen in figures/statistics /the findings/data released/provided by the government/an institute， .

　�、跿here are several/many causes/reasons for this dramatic/significant growth/change/decline/increase in .

　�、躎here are no less than three advantages in as rendered below.

　　⑤The reasons are chiefly as follows .

　�、轆nother reason why I advocate the attitude of is that.

　�、週ast but not least， .

　�、郬hat is more， .

　　5.表示倍數(shù)與比例關(guān)系的句型

　　近年來(lái)圖表作文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生需要熟悉和掌握一些常用的句型來(lái)解釋圖表、分析和表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)間的倍數(shù)和比例關(guān)系：

　�、貯sia ranks first both in area and in population among the seven Continents.Europe is second to Asia in population，but in area it is the last but one.

　　②We all hope that a country’s population should be in proportion to its area, unfortunately the reality often goes against our will.

　�、跘 is a far larger university，being over three times as big as B.

　　6.引用圖表內(nèi)容時(shí)的過(guò)渡句型

　　圖表式作文經(jīng)常使用as從句做解釋性描述的過(guò)渡，它的運(yùn)用，可以使短文由圖畫(huà)的說(shuō)明解釋?zhuān)�陡然一轉(zhuǎn)，由客觀說(shuō)到主觀，由一般說(shuō)到個(gè)體，過(guò)渡自然。

　�、賂his picture shows ， ，as we can see in the upper half of the picture. However，the lower half of the picture shows that .. At the beginning

　�、贏s is revealed in the graph .

　�、跘s the survey results show .

　�、蹵s we could find out later in this unit，his plan was not quite as he had expected.

　�、軹his table provides several important points of comparison between the two universities.As can be indicated in the table，the housing space for the staff of A in 1995 was 34 500 square meters，which nearly doubled the B’s corresponding figure.

　　7.描述圖表常用的概括性句型

　　這種句子通常用于開(kāi)篇和結(jié)尾。

　�、賂his table provides，several important points of comparison between the two key universities.

　�、赥he two graphs depict the same thing seen in two different ways. The first diagram simply records . The second graph throws a new light on .

　　③The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows： .

　�、躀f drivers continue to drive more carefully and further strengthen their sense of safety，the rate of accidents can be expected to decline even more dramatically in the year 1998.

　　8.引論或得出結(jié)論的句型

　�、貯s the proverb goes，“ ”. It is quite understandable that .

　�、贏long with the development of society more and more problems are brought to our attention，one of which is that .

　　③Admittedly，there are merits to both sides of the argument.

　�、蹸ontrary to widely held belief，I believe that .

　　⑤Now，it is commonly believed /some people think that ，but I wonder whether .

　　9.表示轉(zhuǎn)折的句型

　�、貽n the surface of it，this may seem to be a good solution，but if thinking again，we would point out some drawbacks.

　�、贏t first thought，it may seem to be an attractive idea，but it does not bear closer analysis when we find .

　　③Superficially，it seems to be a sound solution，but when carefully weighing in the mind，we find that .

　�、蹵 close inspection of these arguments would reveal how flimsy they are.

　�、軹he undeniable deficiency in this remark is that it is negligent of the bare fact that .

　�、轍owever，we also cannot deny that .

　　10.表示解釋、分析、引申的句型

　�、貽ne very strong argument for is that .

　�、贗t is an obvious fact that .

　�、跲ne of the most important things about is that .

　�、蹵 particularly notable case of this matter is .

　�、軼e may look into every possible reason，however，foremost reason for is .

　�、辤s mainly/ partly/ also responsible for the rise/increase/ decrease in .

　�、遅e may cite/quote/mention a single/common example of .

　�、郃 recent/nationwide study/survey/poll conducted/ taken at a university/ by scientists indicates/reveals/ suggests that .

　　⑨Of course，this will have some negative effects on .

　�、� is a case in point.

　　11.表示得出結(jié)論的句型

　　①From what has been discussed above，we may safely draw the conclusion that .

　�、赥aking into account all these factors，we may safely reach the conclusion that .

　　③Judging from all evidence offered，we may safely come to the conclusion that .

　　④All the evidence/analysis supports a (an) sound/ unshakable/just conclusion/ view that .

　　12.表示建議、采取行動(dòng)的句型

　�、買(mǎi)t is necessary/ essential that effective actions/ quick steps/ proper measures should be taken to prevent the situation/ correct tendency / end phenomenon.

　�、赥here is little doubt that serious/ considerable/ special attention must be called /paid /devoted to the problem /shortage of .

　　③It is high time that we placed/put great/special/considerable emphasis on theimprovement/ development /increase of .