我們常說(shuō),要抓住主要矛盾,考研復(fù)習(xí)也是如此,當(dāng)不能夠保證面面俱到的時(shí)候,就要先抓住主要內(nèi)容。而考研英語(yǔ)的主要內(nèi)容就是閱讀理解和寫(xiě)作。這兩種題型在考研試卷上占據(jù)一大半分值,并且復(fù)習(xí)這兩項(xiàng)所連帶出來(lái)的效果可以影響到其他題型的發(fā)揮。下面,我們就對(duì)這兩大題型的復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的分析。
如何提高閱讀理解的得分率?
首先,要搞清楚得分和閱讀理解之間的關(guān)系。讀得好和做對(duì)題并不一定成正比,當(dāng)然,完全讀不懂是無(wú)法做題的。每篇文章后有 5 個(gè)問(wèn)題,從問(wèn)題所涵蓋的信息量看,有些問(wèn)題覆蓋面大,如“中心意思”類(lèi)的題;有些問(wèn)題涉及到文章的某一段,甚至只是某一句話(huà),其信息含量就很少了。 5 個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案并不要求我們把文章讀得十全十美,有些段落讀不懂,甚至忽略不讀,都是沒(méi)有關(guān)系的?忌菀紫萑氲囊粋(gè)誤區(qū)就是:讀得太多,考慮得太全,以至輕視了問(wèn)題?荚囈越忸}為目的,閱讀只是手段。
其次,分清段落內(nèi)部的主次內(nèi)容。對(duì)于每一個(gè)英文段落,我們應(yīng)該相信,它有一個(gè)論述的核心問(wèn)題。至于作者用什么辦法來(lái)闡述這個(gè)核心,則變化多樣。閱讀這個(gè)段落時(shí),對(duì)核心問(wèn)題的把握舉足輕重。舉個(gè)例子:
、 The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles , its public defenders are few and unimpressive , where they are not extremely unattractive. ② As a result , the support for ambition as a healthy impulse , a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young , is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③ This does not mean that ambition is at an end , that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings , but onlythat , no longer openly honored , it is less openly professed. ④ Consequences follow from this , of course , some of which are that ambitions drive underground , or made sly. ⑤ Such , then , is the way things stand : on the left angry critics , on the right stupid supporters , and in the middle , as usual , the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
總共五個(gè)句子,①導(dǎo)致 ②的結(jié)果;③解釋②的意思;④是②+③的結(jié)果;⑤是一個(gè)超級(jí)總結(jié)句,說(shuō)出了 ambition 面臨的局面,有“支持者”,亦有“批判者”。但是就這一段來(lái)說(shuō),②才是核心的所在,即“支持者”少于“批判者”。正基于此,當(dāng)最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題考查“應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的局面”時(shí),答案就顯然了:“支持者”應(yīng)當(dāng)多于“反對(duì)者”,即“公開(kāi)地、熱情地弘揚(yáng)抱負(fù)”。( From the last graph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______[ B ] openly and enthusiastically )
研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)的閱讀,重點(diǎn)就在考查對(duì)文章主次的理解,大部分題目都是圍繞這個(gè)要求設(shè)計(jì)的。從考生的角度看,分清主次又是一個(gè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。如上面那一段,把每一句看懂是容易的,但是看懂每一個(gè)句子對(duì)核心問(wèn)題的“貢獻(xiàn)”程度就不容易了。這就要求我們平時(shí)閱讀時(shí),盡量擺脫詞和句的羈絆,樹(shù)立以段落為單位的“整體”閱讀觀。
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