(三)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語,表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等,可以看成是一個(gè)狀語從句的省略。
1. 作時(shí)間狀語
The governor pondering the matter,more strikers gathered across his path.
2. 作條件狀語
Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
3. 作原因狀語
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
4. 作伴隨狀語或補(bǔ)充說明
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
(四)注意事項(xiàng)
1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在。名詞或代詞與后面的分詞等邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
2. 動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生,動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,動(dòng)詞-ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
The manager looks worried,many things to settle.
(事情還沒有處理,而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理,用不定式to settle,表示將來的時(shí)間)
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
(事情已經(jīng)處理好了,用過去分詞settled表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句。但是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句后,它有自己的邏輯主語,與主句的主語不一致;而分詞短語轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句后,從句的主語與主句的主語一致。
If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. (條件狀語從句)
Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. (獨(dú)立主格)
When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.(時(shí)間狀語從句)
Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
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