英語試題中雖然沒有專門考察語法的題型,但在長難句在閱讀寫作中,語法無處不在。而考生復(fù)習(xí)英語,語法也是必通關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)項(xiàng)目之一。根據(jù)歷年來看,下文總結(jié)三大難點(diǎn)語法為大家詳解,一起來看下。
as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),既可以引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句,又可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。區(qū)分as引導(dǎo)定語從句和其它從句的關(guān)鍵特征是:as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)在從句中做成分,通常做主語或賓語。
如從句所修飾的名詞前有such、the same、as出現(xiàn),后面的定語從句將由as引導(dǎo),形成such...as,the same...as,as…as這樣的固定結(jié)構(gòu),譯為“和……一樣”。
例1:I never heard such stories as he told.
我從未聽過他所講的那樣的故事。
例2:He’ll repeat such questions as are discussed in the book.
他將重復(fù)書中討論過的問題。
例3:They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.
他們犯了和其他人在這種場合下會(huì)犯的同樣錯(cuò)誤。
as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,往往指代一整句話,通常表示“正如”的意思。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置相對比較靈活,可以位于先行詞之前、之后或中間。
例:As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
眾所周知,月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句多用于口語,強(qiáng)調(diào)“同一時(shí)間”或“一先一后”,有時(shí)還有“隨著”的含義。
例1:As I was going out, it began to rain.
當(dāng)我出門時(shí),開始下雨了。(as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,不強(qiáng)調(diào)下雨的特定時(shí)間。)
例2:As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
隨著時(shí)間的推移,他會(huì)理解我所講的話。
as表示“因?yàn)椤,與because相比,較口語化,所表達(dá)的原因語氣較弱,所表的原因比較明顯,或是已知的事實(shí)。
例1:As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
因?yàn)樘鞖馓愀,我們不得不推遲旅行。
例2:Any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum.
任何新型能源都將大受歡迎,因?yàn)槭鸵呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)短缺。
as表示“按照”,“以……方式”,“像……一樣”,“正如”。
例:Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗
注:as在引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí),還常出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)固定的類比結(jié)構(gòu)中:(just) as …, so…。這一句型表示類比,基本含義是“正如……,所以……”。
例:Just as virtue is its own reward, so is vice its own punishment.
善有善報(bào),惡有惡報(bào)。
as可以表示“盡管”,“雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但必須構(gòu)成倒裝。讓步狀語從句倒裝規(guī)則有兩類:
例1:Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you.
我盡管很喜歡你,卻不能和你在一起生活。
例2:Child as he is, he knows to help others.
盡管他是個(gè)孩子,他懂得幫助別人。
例:Try as we may, we cannot sense directly the television signal sent out from the broadcast station.
盡管我們費(fèi)了很大的勁,也無法直接覺察發(fā)射臺(tái)發(fā)出的電視信號。
as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是as…as。前一個(gè)as是副詞,后一個(gè)as是比較狀語從句的連詞。否定結(jié)構(gòu)為not so much … as …。
例1:Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.
盡管螞蟻很小,但是它同地球上的任何其他動(dòng)物一樣,也是一種動(dòng)物。
例2:It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.
與其說是他受到了許多打擊,還不如說是缺乏斗志使他輸?shù)袅吮荣悺?/P>
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