本文講解考研英語語法之【獨(dú)立主格的作用和處理方法】。語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),語法大關(guān)不過,閱讀、完型、翻譯和寫作都會有難度,就別提過線和拿高分了。所以說,基礎(chǔ)階段,語法基礎(chǔ)要打好。
一、獨(dú)立主格的由來
獨(dú)立主格在英語中存在的主要價(jià)值還是由語言簡潔的要求決定的,它的產(chǎn)生是從狀語開始的,并且在考研中也只考查其作為狀語的情況。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)為兩個句子在主語不同的情況下提供了將其合并為一個句子的可能,通過簡單的例子可以了解它的由來:
1、It is a hot day.
2、I stay at home.
這兩個句子可以合并為一個:It being hot today, I stay at home.
其中,being 是可以被省略的,而且常常會在it being hot today之前加上介詞with以表示其和一個句子的區(qū)別;這樣with it being hot today 就被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
二、獨(dú)立主格的作用和處理方法
通常情況下,獨(dú)立主格可以表示一下幾種情況:
1、表示時間
例句:The meeting being over, all of us went home.
解析:the meeting being over相當(dāng)于when the meeting was over。
2、表示條件
例句:The condition being favorable, he may succeed.
解析:the condition being favorable 相當(dāng)于 if the condition is favorable。
3、表示原因
例句:There being no taxis, we had to walk.
解析:there being no taxis 相當(dāng)于since there was no taxis。
4、表示伴隨狀況
例句:Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.
解析:這句話相當(dāng)于Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.
5、表示補(bǔ)充說明
例句:We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.
解析:這句話相當(dāng)于We redoubled our efforts, and each man works like two。
三、考研實(shí)例解析
閱讀中通常將帶有獨(dú)立主格的句子改寫為兩個句子。下面一起來看一個考研真題中的句子:President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
解析:with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),可以改寫為一個句子:Retirees trade much of all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.使兩個句子前后為因果關(guān)系。
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