本文講解考研英語語法之【分詞的用法】。語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),語法大關(guān)不過,閱讀、完型、翻譯和寫作都會有難度,就別提過線和拿高分了。所以說,基礎(chǔ)階段,語法基礎(chǔ)要打好。
1.作定語。作定語的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前。如果被修飾的詞是something,anything,everything,nothing等,則分詞放在這些詞之后。分詞短語通常放在被修飾的名詞之后。
例如:
This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。)這是一本有趣的書。
There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。)消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。)靠窗戶坐著的那個(gè)人是我們的數(shù)學(xué)老師
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。)那位老工人開的機(jī)器是上海造的。
Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing…)唱歌的學(xué)生多數(shù)是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned…)被問的許多村里人都拒絕。
注意:(1)分詞作定語與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別:
分詞和它所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主、謂關(guān)系。動名詞則沒有這種關(guān)系,而表示它所修飾的詞的用途或有關(guān)動作。
現(xiàn)在分詞 | 動名詞 |
A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping)正在睡覺的孩子 | A sleeping car(a car for sleeping)臥車 |
A flying bird(a bird that is flying)飛鳥 | A flying course(a course for flying)飛行課程 |
A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming)游泳的女孩 | A swimming pool(a pool for swimming)游泳池 |
The running water(the water that is running)流水 | The running track(the track for running)跑道 |
現(xiàn)在分詞和它所修飾的名詞都要重讀,動名詞所修飾的名詞則不必重讀。
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),它表示動作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生(或差不多同時(shí)發(fā)生)。
例如:
Who is the boy dancing over there?在那兒跳舞的少年是誰呀?
The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘們有危險(xiǎn)。
如果兩個(gè)動作在時(shí)間上有先后,一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,而往往用主從復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那個(gè)人會回來的。
The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老師要找打破了窗子的那個(gè)學(xué)生談話。
(3)be的現(xiàn)在分詞being不能用作定語(可用作狀語或被動語態(tài)中的助動詞)。表示這種概念時(shí),也用主從復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
He has a brother who is a worker。他有一個(gè)當(dāng)工人的兄弟。
2、作狀語。分詞和分詞短語作狀語時(shí),可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時(shí)間和原因的分詞短語相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的狀語從句。
例如:
Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,They stood up。)學(xué)生們看見老師走進(jìn)房間,都站了起來。 (時(shí)間)
Heated,the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金屬受熱而膨脹。(條件、時(shí)間)
Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ,I couldn’t go to sleep。)我興奮得睡不著覺。(原因)
Being a student,he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student,he was interested in sports。)
他是個(gè)學(xué)生,所以對體育運(yùn)動感興趣。(原因)
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李華和他的同學(xué)們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞,決定更加努力學(xué)習(xí)物理。 (原因)
The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子們笑著走開了。(行為方式)
The professor stood there,surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里,許多學(xué)生圍著他。(行為方式)
While reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。)看報(bào)時(shí),父親不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。(時(shí)間)(分詞前,可加表示時(shí)間的連詞while或when。)
編輯推薦:
2020年考研報(bào)名時(shí)間 | 2020年考研時(shí)間安排