本文講解考研英語語法之【it 用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)】。語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),語法大關(guān)不過,閱讀、完型、翻譯和寫作都會有難度,就別提過線和拿高分了。所以說,基礎(chǔ)階段,語法基礎(chǔ)要打好。
在表示強調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu)中,it 可用作先行代詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句型如下:It +is/was +被強調(diào)的部分+that +其他部分。如果強調(diào)的部分是人,可用who, whom 代替that.
例如:
Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.
王教授每星期一下午教我們英語。
強調(diào)主語:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.
強調(diào)間接賓語:It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.
強調(diào)直接賓語:It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.
強調(diào)狀語:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.
It was here that I first met him. 這就是我初次與他見面的地方。
(強調(diào)狀語)
It is the people who are realy powerful.
翻譯練習(xí)
1)該上課了,快。
It is time for class. Hurry up.
2)從這兒到你們學(xué)校遠(yuǎn)嗎??不遠(yuǎn),大約一公里。
Is it far from here to your school? ?No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.
3)從我家到頤和園去很近。
It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.
4)(天)正在下雨。
It’s raining now.
5)電燈是愛迪生發(fā)明的。
It was Edison who invented the electric light.
6)我認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是很重要的。
I think it important to learn a foreign language.
7)他通常一天讀兩次英語。
He made it a rule to read English twice a day.
8)從我家去天安門廣場坐公共汽車大約要一個小時。
It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.
反意疑問句
反意疑問句相當(dāng)于“對不對?”“好不好?”“行不行?”,用yes或 no 回答。由兩部分組成,前一部分是陳述句,后一部分是附加疑問短語,中間用逗號隔開,所以反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句。通常的形式是:肯定的陳述句+否定的附加疑問,或否定的陳述句+肯定的附加疑問。
如:
He studies English, doesn’t he?
He doesn’t study English, does he?
They are from America, aren’t they?
They are not from America, are they?
反意疑問句的主要形式:
1.如果主句是be或其他助動詞(如can, shall, will 等),其反意疑問句用同一助動詞。
如:
We are late, aren’t we?
You haven’t met my wife, have you?
He can drive a car, can’t he?
They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they?
You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you?
2.如果主語帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定詞或半否定詞時,因為主句本身具有否定意義,附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定式,
如:
We seldom go to the cinema, do we?
Sue almost never worked, did she?
3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”結(jié)構(gòu),由于”am not” 沒有相應(yīng)的縮略形式,附加疑問部分一般用aren’t I 代替。
如:
I am your friend, aren’t I?
I’m late, aren’t I?
I am a student, aren’t I?
在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you, won’t you.
4. 在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you, won’t you.
如:
Sit down, will you?
Have some tea, won’t you?
Open the window, won’t you?
這種句子可以理解為: Will you do something?
如:Will you open the window?
注意:否定的祈使句之后,只能用will.
如:
Don’t forget, will you?
Don’t make so much noise, will you?
5.以Let’s… 開頭的祈使句,肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如:
Let’s go back to our seats, shall we?
Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?)
這種句子可以理解為:Shall we (do something?),
如:Shall we go back to our seats.這樣有助于理解和記憶。
注意:Let’s 與Let us 的區(qū)別:Let’s包括聽話人在內(nèi),應(yīng)用shall we, 而Let us 不包括聽話人在內(nèi),表示“請你讓我們…”,要用will you.
如:
Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建議)
Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示請求)
6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等時,附加疑問部分則往往與that 從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。
如:
I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?
(這句話明顯是要問“你是不是知道?”而不是問“我是不是這樣認(rèn)為?”)
I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?
7.當(dāng)主句的動詞have 表示“擁有”時,附加疑問既可用have, 也可用do,
如:
You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?
當(dāng)主句的have不表示“擁有”而表示其他意思時,附加疑問要用do,
如:
You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?
They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?
8.There be句型的反意疑問句,用there 作主語。
如:
There is something wrong, isn’t there?
There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不會有任何麻煩,是嗎?
9.陳述部分的主語是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代詞時,其疑問部分的主語可用he, 也可用they.
如:
Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?
英語反意疑問句的回答有點和漢語的相反。但一定要記。褐灰卮鹗强隙ǖ,都用yes,只要回答是否定的,都用no。這在主句是否定句的時候要特別注意。例如:
Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?No, he can’t.
瓊斯先生不會講法語,對嗎??對,他不會講法語。
Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?Yes, he can.
瓊斯先生不會講法語,對嗎??不,他會講法語。
This is not a door, is it? -Yes, it is. It is an iron door.
這不是門,對嗎??不,這是門。是扇鐵門。
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