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2020考研英語語法大全之倒裝句,更多2020考研英語大綱、2020考研英語備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)、考研歷年真題及答案等信息,請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注考試吧考研網(wǎng)或搜索公眾微信號(hào)“萬題庫考研”!

  >>>>干貨盤點(diǎn):2020年考研英語語法大全

  英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”,這種語序稱為陳述句語序或自然語序(normal word order),如果把謂語的全部或一部分置于主語之前,就稱為倒裝語序(inverted word order),當(dāng)謂語全部置于主語之前,稱為全部倒裝(full inversion);當(dāng)謂語一部分(如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語之前,稱為部分倒裝(partial inversion)。

  一、全部倒裝

  (一)there be句型

  有時(shí)一些表示存在意義的不及物動(dòng)詞也可用于該句型,如:stand, lie, exist, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等。

  例句: Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (選自2007年Use of English)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中a belief與that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互為同位語關(guān)系,形容詞短語large enough to be...作定語修飾states。

  譯文: 他們普遍認(rèn)為新生的國家是擁有主權(quán)和完全獨(dú)立的國家,大到經(jīng)濟(jì)上可運(yùn)行良好,并由一套共同法律讓各個(gè)新的獨(dú)立國家聯(lián)合起來。

  例句: There stands a monument to Lin Zexu at the center of the square, which attracts a great many of visitors all the year round.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,定語從句which attracts a great many of...修飾a monument。

  譯文: 廣場(chǎng)中心矗立著林則徐紀(jì)念碑,每年吸引著成千上萬的游客。

  (二)here, there等詞置于句首

  here, there, now, then, thus, hence置于句首而主語不是人稱代詞時(shí),主謂倒裝;如果主語是人稱代詞或非人稱代詞,主謂不倒裝。

  例句: It is so late, and now is the hour when we must say goodbye.

  分析: 該句是并列句。

  譯文: 太晚了,是該說再見的時(shí)候了。

  例句: ——Where is the report of urban plan made by the committee?

  ——There it is.

  分析: 上下句同為簡(jiǎn)單句。

  譯文: ——委員會(huì)所做的城市規(guī)劃放哪兒了?

  ——在這里。

  例句: Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.

  (選自2002年Text 1)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修飾story。

  譯文: 舉個(gè)例子,在一次護(hù)士大會(huì)上,我聽到了一個(gè)效果很理想的幽默故事,因?yàn)槁牨姸紝?duì)醫(yī)生持有相同的看法。

  (三)表示方向、地點(diǎn)的狀語置于句首

  up, down, away, here, in, out, off等置于句首時(shí),需要全部倒裝。

  例句: Following the roar out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.

  分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。

  譯文: 一聲吼叫過后,一只猛虎從叢林中躥了出來。

  例句: In came a number of boys and girls talking and laughing.

  分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,talking and laughing在句中作伴隨狀語。

  譯文: 一群孩子邊說邊笑走了進(jìn)來。

  (四)作表語的形容詞或分詞置于句首

  例句: Present at the press conference were director and general manager of the Shenzhenbased enterprise.

  分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。

  譯文: 出席記者招待會(huì)的是總部設(shè)在深圳的企業(yè)董事長和總經(jīng)理。

  例句: Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.

  分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,aged 75修飾an old man,作后置定語。

  譯文: 一位75歲高齡的老人躺在樹下,已經(jīng)不省人事。

  二、部分倒裝

  (一)否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞或詞組置于句首作狀語

  如:never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, no sooner...than, hardly...when,scarcely...when (before), not only, in no case (in no way, at no time, on no account, by no means,under no circumstances,in no respects)(決不,在任何情況下都不), no longer/no more (不再)。

  例句: Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年第46題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,and前是一復(fù)合句,定語從句by which...修飾the means,后一分句中never置于句首引起倒裝。

  譯文: 電視是制造和表達(dá)這些情緒的方式之一,在加強(qiáng)不同民族和國家之間的聯(lián)系方面,電視也許還從來沒有像在歐洲事務(wù)中那樣起過如此大的作用。

  例句: Not only is there a wide range of prices for goods in America, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale.

  分析: 該句是并列句。

  譯文: 美國商品不僅價(jià)格變化很大,而且供出售的商品質(zhì)量也有很大不同。

  例句: Under no circumstance should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of both the people and the state.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,定語從句that will benefit...both and the state修飾anything, under no circumstance置于句首引起倒裝。

  譯文: 在任何情況下,我們都不應(yīng)只為了自己的利益而不惜損害祖國和人民的利益!(二)only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句(句首狀語由only修飾)

  例句: Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (選自2004年P(guān)art B)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that were very different from their own是修飾languages的定語從句。

  譯文: 直到最近,語言學(xué)家才開始認(rèn)真研究與他們自己所掌握的完全不同的語言。

  例句: Only when you have been absorbed in the study can you reach an idea whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,an idea與whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time是同位語關(guān)系,only置于狀語從句之前引起倒裝。

  譯文: 只有當(dāng)你全身心投入該研究中時(shí),你才能得知能否按時(shí)完成。

  例句: Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

  (2009年第47題)

  分析: 該句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列簡(jiǎn)單句,兩個(gè)分句都是以only開頭的倒裝句,在前一分句中,主干部分是the byproduct of the institution was noted, only gradually修飾noted;在后一分句中,主干是this effect was considered..., 其中only more gradually修飾considered, as a directive factor作主語this effect的補(bǔ)足語,介詞短語in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的后置定語。

  譯文: 人們只是逐漸地認(rèn)識(shí)到制度這一副產(chǎn)品,而在運(yùn)行這種制度的過程中,認(rèn)識(shí)到這種效果具有指導(dǎo)性作用的時(shí)間則更加緩慢。

  (三)條件從句中省略if

  在虛擬語氣中,條件從句if省略時(shí),倒裝到主語前的是助動(dòng)詞should, had和系動(dòng)詞were。

  例句: Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a familyrun enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers. (1999年第13題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,were the Times Co. to purchase是一省略if的倒裝句,that it could dramatically...enterprise是doubt的同位語,而that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers是修飾enterprise的定語從句。

  譯文: 如果時(shí)代公司要收購另一家主流媒體公司的話,那仍舊靠報(bào)紙獲得90%收入的家族式企業(yè)的模式肯定會(huì)遭到它大刀闊斧的改革。

  例句: Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998年第10題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,had it not been...是一個(gè)省略if的倒裝從句,整個(gè)句子表示混合式虛擬語氣,主句表示與現(xiàn)在相反假設(shè),從句表示與過去相反假設(shè)。

  譯文: 要不是公眾及時(shí)投資,我們公司不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這么繁榮。

  (四)其他部分倒裝情況

  表示前面陳述的情況適合于后者,前面是肯定句,后面用so引導(dǎo);前面是否定句,后面用neither或nor引導(dǎo),省略倒裝句中的助動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式上與前面句子保持一致。

  例句: Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom” generation reached its childbearing years.

  (選自1998年Text 4)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,as引導(dǎo)一原因狀語從句,and so did...是省略了相同成分的倒裝句。

  譯文: 接連不斷的移民潮,還有當(dāng)年“生育高峰”時(shí)期出生的孩子已經(jīng)到了生育年齡,這些因素也起了作用。

  例句: Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. (選自2005年Text 4)

  分析: 該句是由nor引導(dǎo)的并列句。whether in speech or in writing的完整形式是whether they are in speech or in writing,表示讓步;介詞短語with skill and gift在句中作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞command。

  譯文: 美國人不再期望公眾人物在演講或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)可以嫻熟地運(yùn)用技巧和文采來掌握英語,而人們本身也不這樣要求自己。

  (五)so...that結(jié)構(gòu)

  so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中,“so+狀語”位于句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),使用倒裝。

  例句: So much does he worry about his parents that he cant sleep well at night.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that he cant sleep well at night是一結(jié)果狀語從句,so much置于句首引起倒裝。

  譯文: 他特別擔(dān)心父母,以至于晚上難以入睡。

  例句: So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

  (2001年第6題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that leaders at summer computer camps...是一結(jié)果狀語從句,so involved with...置于句首引起倒裝。

  譯文: 孩子們對(duì)電腦如此著迷,以至于電腦夏令營的組織者們不得不強(qiáng)迫他們停下來做一些體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和游戲。

  (六)not until置于句首

  not until置于句首時(shí),連詞until引導(dǎo)的從句主謂不倒裝,但主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)必須倒裝。

  例句: Not until you return those books to the library immediately will you have to pay a fine.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。由于not until置于句首,主句will you have to pay a fine是一倒裝句。

  譯文: 只有及時(shí)還書給圖書館,你才不會(huì)受罰。

  例句: Not until an infant hedgehog open its eyes does it leave its nest to follow its mother about.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。

  譯文: 小刺猬一睜開眼就離開洞穴,步步不離地跟在媽媽周圍。

  (七)下列幾類副詞或介詞短語作狀語置于句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)

  頻度副詞:often, always, many a time, every day, now and then等;

  方式副詞:gladly, sadly, well, with every justification,with good reason等;

  表程度的副詞或介詞短語:especially, to such length(s), to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes。

  例句: With every justification did he explain his fault in the exam held by school.

  分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,with every justification置于句首引起倒裝。

  譯文: 他以種種借口解釋他在學(xué)校舉行的考試中所犯的錯(cuò)誤。

  例句: To such a degree did he go on with his tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that some of us began to yawn是一結(jié)果狀語從句。

  譯文: 他如此滔滔不絕地進(jìn)行那冗長的演講,以至于我們中間有些人都開始哈欠連天。

  (八)as, though, no matter how, however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

  as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型為:名詞(前不加a或an)/形容詞/副詞+as+主語+謂語,該結(jié)構(gòu)可用(al)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句來替換,譯為“雖然”或“盡管”。

  例句: Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中從句much as I have traveled是一倒裝句,短語“equal sb. in sth.”意為“在某方面與他人旗鼓相當(dāng)”。

  譯文: 雖然我常旅行,但我從未見過任何人于任何工作能像她那樣一絲不茍。

  例句: Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementaryparticle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. (1998年第75題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,odd though it sounds是一倒裝句,其中it指代cosmic inflation,介詞短語in elementaryparticle physics修飾ideas,that it is true在句中作convinced的賓語,另一介詞短語for the better part of a decade作狀語表示時(shí)間。

  譯文: 宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特,但它還是基本粒子物理學(xué)中一些公認(rèn)的理論在科學(xué)上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學(xué)家十年來一直認(rèn)為這一論說是正確的。

  (九)be+主語+其他(若其他是單數(shù)名詞作賓語,則名詞前不接不定冠詞a/an)

  這是一開放式條件狀語從句,屬于特殊倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示泛指。該結(jié)構(gòu)可用whether...or結(jié)構(gòu)來替換,同時(shí)單數(shù)名詞前的不定冠詞保持不變,可譯為“不管是……”。

  例句: Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. (2001年第10題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,be they...是一倒裝句,相當(dāng)于whether they are...。

  譯文: 我們所使用的教堂一詞,指的是所有的宗教機(jī)構(gòu),不管它們是基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教或猶太教等。

  例句: In an urban society in which highly structured, fastpaced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird watching, can lead to selfrenewal and a more “balanced” way of life.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主干部分為experiences of a different nature can lead to selfrenewal and a more ..., 定語從句in which...looms large in life修飾society,短語loom large意為 “(赫然出現(xiàn))壓在心頭,威脅著,籠罩著”。

  譯文: 在城市社會(huì)中,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密、步調(diào)迅速、充滿壓力的工作籠罩著人們的生活,某種不同性質(zhì)的經(jīng)歷,不管是看電視還是觀鳥,都能帶來自我更新和一種“平衡的”生活方式。

 

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