中考真題例析完形填空的解題技巧

    前面我們已經(jīng)分析過，完形填空是在全面理解短文基礎(chǔ)上的選擇填空。因此做“完型填空”題應(yīng)遵循下列步驟：

   1、通讀全文，了解大意
   做這類題目是，首先應(yīng)該把文章通讀一遍，了解一下文章的大概內(nèi)容。千萬不要讀一句填一句，因為“完形填空”題里所給的大多數(shù)選項填入單句后都可成立，但從全文看又不可取。例如：2002年北京海淀區(qū)中考試題中的完形填空題：
   A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.
   You may hear “hot dog”1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “4 ! I would love to go.”
   People 5 use the expression to describe (描寫)someone who is a “show- off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .
1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked
2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply
3. A. if B. how C. when D. where
4. A. Hot dog B. Don’t worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me
5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet
6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great
7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action
8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws
9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy
10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches
   如果不看后面的文章內(nèi)容，短文的第一個題所給第四個選項都可以填入空白處，不論是從語法的角度，還是從這個句子的意思完整的角度，都是能夠站得住腳的。但如果繼續(xù)看完這一段短文之后，你就會領(lǐng)悟到，“hot dog”在這里不是“被吃”，“被做”，“被拿”，而是“被使用”，只能選used。
有些同學(xué)一拿到“完形填空”題，就著手去填，填到最后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)所選答案語全文的意思不符，不得不在從頭開始。費時又費力，還不易做準(zhǔn)確，這種方法是不可取的。

2、瞻前顧后，逐步填空
   了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般來說，文章后面所給的選擇答案可分三類：一類是語法正確，而意思不對；另一類是意思正確，而語法錯誤；第三類是語法正確，意思也正確。在選擇答案時，一定要考慮到上下文的意思，還要考慮到句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配和詞類的功能，盡量使選出的答案及復(fù)合語法又符合原文的意思。

3、認(rèn)真復(fù)查，適當(dāng)調(diào)整
   填空全部做完以后，應(yīng)把短文從頭到尾再讀一遍，檢查一下填空以后的文章是否連貫，情節(jié)是否合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確。一般來說，如果意思連貫，情節(jié)合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，就意味著選答沒有問題；如果發(fā)現(xiàn)個別填空使文章文理不通，語法結(jié)構(gòu)有問題，就說明選答不正確。對這樣的填空應(yīng)該認(rèn)真推敲，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
【中考范例】
（2004年陜西省中考試題）
   Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龜). They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran 31 quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like 32 you to a wonderful palace now.”��
   The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he 33 the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him 34 . He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very 35 everything.
After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, 36 you can open only one.” “You mustn’t open both. Don’t forget it!” the turtle warned him.   “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(許諾). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.
   After he 37 , he opened the bigger one of the two boxes.38 the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “I’m 39 now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face 40 an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.��
31. A. through B. away C. into D. out
32. A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite
33. A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away
34. A. a very big dinner B. a very poor dinner
C. a very bad dinner D. a very small dinner
35. A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for
36. A. so B. or C. but D. as
37. A. went back to home B. was back home
C. went back to the sea D.was back the sea
38. A. To his surprising B. To one’s surprising
C. To one’s surprise D. To his surprise
39. A. a poor man B. a rich man
C. an old man D. a young man
40. A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked
31. B 根據(jù)上下文判斷，那些孩子們應(yīng)該是跑走了。所以應(yīng)選away。
32. D would like 之后應(yīng)接不定式，年輕人就了海龜?shù)拿�，海龜�?yīng)是“邀請年輕人到宮殿去。”
33. C 到達(dá)某個地方應(yīng)用arrived at。
34. A 按照邏輯，海龜國王要感謝他，必然設(shè)盛宴招待他。所以應(yīng)選a big dinner。
35. A 海龜國王盛情招待他，所以他對一切都滿意。pleased with everything表示的就是這個意思。
36. C 海龜國王給了他兩個盒子，但只準(zhǔn)他打開一個。這里有一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選but。
37. B 年輕人在海里見到了海龜國王，得到了兩個盒子以后，應(yīng)該回家，而不是回到海里。而回家應(yīng)是went back home。
38. D 使他感到驚訝的是，用英語表示就是To his surprise。
39. B 他得到了金子，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是a rich man。
40.C 由于貪心，他的頭發(fā)變白了，臉“看起來”像八十多歲的老頭。
   從2004年的完形填空題來看，難度不大，全部題目都屬于句子層次。只要看懂了短文的意思，掌握了一些短語的固定搭配，再多做一些精選的練習(xí)，做好完形填空題是不難的。