英語延續(xù)動詞與非延續(xù)動詞的轉換

　　動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞。

　　一。 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作， 如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。

　　表示時間段的短語有：for+一段時間，for 2 years; since從句，since he came here; since+時間點名詞，since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

　　例： He has lived here for 6 years.

　　You can keep the book for 5 days.

　　I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.

　　How long did you stay there last year?

　　二。 非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞， 表示不能延續(xù)的動作， 這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束。如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

　　非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點的狀語連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o‘clock

　　例： He died 5 years ago.

　　否定的終止性動詞可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用。例：

　　I haven‘t left here for 3 years.

　　I haven‘t heard from him for 3 weeks.

　　三。 延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉換：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+組織機構， be a member of+組織機構， open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be （in）, leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go （get） out →be out， put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。

　　例： The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died.

　　He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.

　　I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.

　　例： He died 5 years ago.

　　否定的終止性動詞可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用。例：

　　I haven‘t left here for 3 years.

　　I haven‘t heard from him for 3 weeks.

　　I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.