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2015中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧及配套試題

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  點(diǎn)擊查看>>>2015年中考英語(yǔ)各題型解題技巧及配套試題匯總

  閱讀理解也是中考英語(yǔ)題的必考題目之一,本題型旨在考查學(xué)生閱讀,理解的能力,幾年來(lái),中考英語(yǔ)題中的閱讀理解材料新,題材豐富,考查學(xué)生綜合推斷能力,根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇猜單詞意思的能力的力度加大,也考查學(xué)生關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)的能力。所以學(xué)生往往要么沒能正確理解語(yǔ)篇中某些句子的意思,在細(xì)節(jié)題上丟分,要么就是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握不夠,在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分。那么到底怎么做好閱讀理解這一題型呢?我將從以下三個(gè)方面談?wù)撨@個(gè)問題:

  一、解題思路

  (一)先讀問題,弄清考查要點(diǎn),以便能帶著問題看文章,這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù),有的放矢。

  (二)快速瀏覽全文,掌握全貌,注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息,如果時(shí)間緊,至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想,這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí),不要忙于答題。

  (三)細(xì)讀原文,捕捉相關(guān)信息詞,掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):

  1. 抓住四個(gè)"W"和一個(gè)"H",就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記,把What (事件),When(時(shí)間),Where(地點(diǎn)),Why(原因),How(經(jīng)過(guò))劃出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的問題便可解決。

  2.抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果,讓步,遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折,指代,列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次,辨明各種關(guān)系,了解人物心理,推斷作者意圖,進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn),都具有舉足輕重的作用。

  3. 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。

  4.根據(jù)題意,初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題,領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求,確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的,有把握的題可以斷然確定,不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間:有些略難的題,應(yīng)再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍),迅速找出依據(jù),予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種:

  ① 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。

 、 歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。

  ③ 綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文,認(rèn)真分析,綜合推理及至計(jì)算,最后歸納出正確答案。

  題干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼時(shí),屬于推斷概括型,考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇,考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納,推理等邏輯思維能力。

 、 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞,近義詞,反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出正確答案。

 、 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說(shuō),而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說(shuō)法,但仍表示同一含義。

 、 排除法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言,句法結(jié)構(gòu),信息詞和常識(shí),在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。

  四、重讀原文,仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一道題后,如果時(shí)間允許,再將原文讀一遍;用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題,研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系,目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查,推出未解答的題,以便減少失誤。

  二、題型分類

  初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型,抓住它的解法和思路,就可以順利做好這些題目:

  (一)選擇符合文章的選項(xiàng)

  (二)判斷正誤

  (三)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問題,現(xiàn)今該題型歸納在任務(wù)型閱讀中,此處不做詳解。

  典型例題分析

  (一)根據(jù)內(nèi)容,從短文后每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一項(xiàng)。

  Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. "Through the hole(洞)in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more(再一次).

  Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal(煤)fires in the world. They are harmful(有害)and dangerous. Then how to put them out?

  Scientists have tried to set(放置)fire to underground coal to speed up(加速)the fires. In this way, the burning(燃燒)of underground coal would be soon finished.(被燒完)。

  1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire ________.

  A. at the age of seven B. seven years old

  C. in the year of 1898 D. more than(超過(guò))80 years ago

  2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because ________.

  A. it was in the hole B. it was very hot

  C. it was orange D. it was harmful

  3. How many coal fires are there in the world?

  A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say.

  C. There are 260. D. The article(文章)doesn't tell us.

  4. What’s one of the best ways to put out(撲滅)the underground fire?

  A. To cover(覆蓋)the holes with stones(石塊).

  B. To speed up the fires.

  C. To see the fires burning.

  D. To do some experiments(試驗(yàn)).

  5. What is the best title(標(biāo)題)for the article?

  A. Watching the Underground - Fire.

  B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.

  C. The Burning Earth.

  D. Coal and Coal Fires.

  答案分析]

  1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據(jù)。at the age of seven 等于when he was seven,故正確答案為 A 。

  2.這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案,屬于直接回答題。正確答案為 B。

  3.這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案,屬于直接回答題。正確答案為 C。

  4.在文章的最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法,那就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為 B。

  5.完成這道題需作一定的歸納,因?yàn)槲恼轮袥]有給出直接的回答。文章從Mr Brown兩次看火,然后說(shuō)出地下火的危害,最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊,如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為 B。

  (二)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤

  Fred telephoned his wife. “I’ve got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. We’ll have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”

  Fred’s wife was very pleased. They hadn’t been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.

  At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “It’s very strange,” he said. “They aren’t here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets weren’t there, either.

  Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尷尬). “What’s the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasn’t going home, I left it in the office!”

  ( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets

  for the theatre.

  ( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the

  theatre quite often.

  ( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a

  restaurant.

  ( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither

  late nor early.

  ( ) 5. Then Fred couldn’t find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.

  答案分析:

  1、T 因?yàn)榈谝欢沃刑岬紽red told his wife

  “I’ve got two free tickets…” “free” 此處是免費(fèi)的意思。

  2、F 第二段中提到“They hadn’t been to the theater

  for a long time.”

  3、F 第一段中Fred說(shuō)“Meet me outside the office.”

  4、T 第二段中“in time”是及時(shí)的意思。

  5. T 結(jié)尾處提到的。

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