2015中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧及配套試題

　　(二)學(xué)校生活與語言學(xué)習(xí)

　　校園生活與語言學(xué)習(xí)是中考閱讀理解考查的一個熱點(diǎn)話題，一方面與學(xué)生生活、學(xué)習(xí)、交流等息息相關(guān);另一方面，來自社會，緊貼社會生活，具有一定的時代感和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。這類話題多是說明文，做題時要注意說明的對象、內(nèi)容及說明方法。這類題要注意每段話的開頭部分，整體把握材料信息。

　　做題思路：把握信息，找出題眼，梳理信息，進(jìn)行解答問題。

　　When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy.She is very outgoing(外向的).Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater.

　　On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑決賽) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games(溫哥華冬奧會).After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third gold medal this time.With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skating.That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history.

　　Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly.With the words of "You can，you can do!" she won at last.She said，"I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China.It was with the help of my team that I won the prize."

　　Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater.We are proud of her and her team.We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014.

　　閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。

　　( ) 1.China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skating.

　　A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5

　　( ) 2.It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating final.

　　A.women's 1000 B.men's 1000

　　C.women's 500 D.men's 500

　　( ) 3.In Wang Meng's opinion，made her win the prize at last.

　　A.a strong body B.a bad cold

　　C.her team's help D.much exercise

　　( ) 4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy.

　　B.Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater.

　　C.Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team.

　　D.China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history.

　　答案解析

　　1.C 由第二段倒數(shù)第二句“With this one China won four gold medals...”可知正確答案為 C。

　　2.A 由第二段第一句“...Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in women's 1000 meters...”可知正確答案為 A。

　　3.C 由第一段最后兩句“I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team... with the help of my team that I won the prize.”可知由于團(tuán)隊(duì)的幫助她才獲得了成功，故正確答案為 C。

　　4.D 由第二段最后一句“That helped China first win the team gold medal...”可知 D 項(xiàng)的表述是錯誤的。

　　(三)天氣與自然

　　隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，社會和諧已提上日程，天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成為人們關(guān)注的話題之一。此類話題多是說明文和議論文。這就要求我們了解說明文和議論文的特點(diǎn)，這樣才能對問題進(jìn)一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。

　　解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對所給信息進(jìn)行歸納整合

　　例如：

　　Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆).They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year.When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do.

　　Do NOT go outside.You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(輸電線).

　　Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture.Hold on to it.Or stay in a corner of the building.Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.

　　Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you.Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself.

　　Also keep away from a fire.You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.

　　If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe.Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges.Try not to stop by power lines or trees.These could fall and hurt you.

　　閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。

　　( ) 1.It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening.

　　A.run out of the building

　　B.stay in a corner of the building

　　C.cover your head with your arms

　　D.cover your mouth with a towel

　　( ) 2.From this passage，we know _______.

　　A.many people fear earthquakes

　　B.earthquakes maybe happen at any time

　　C.we can't save ourselves in an earthquake

　　D.people never get injured in earthquakes

　　( ) 3.The best title for this passage should be "_______".

　　A.How Earthquakes Happen

　　B.How to Drive a Car

　　C.What We Should Do in Earthquakes

　　D.Why Earthquakes Happen

　　答案解析

　　1.A BCD 三項(xiàng)在第三段可找到答案;根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知 A 項(xiàng)的做法是不安全的，故正確答案為 A。

　　2.B 根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時會發(fā)生，故 B 項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　3.C 通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發(fā)生地震時，我們應(yīng)該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為 C。

　　(四)歷史與地理

　　本話題在中考中所占比例不多，在歷史方面要注意歷史事件發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、原因以及有何影響等，而對地理知識的考查，一般多與旅游觀光等內(nèi)容相結(jié)合，這就要求我們了解各地的名勝古跡、遺址等。

　　解題思路：熟悉文章，找準(zhǔn)問題關(guān)鍵所在，提高解題速度和質(zhì)量。

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