中學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)常見錯(cuò)誤·動(dòng)詞

　�。壅�］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.

　�。畚觯菘荚囍谐３霈F(xiàn)的是易混動(dòng)詞lay放，lie躺，lie說謊。它們的過去時(shí)、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化

　　lay （放） laid， laid， laying （及物動(dòng)詞）

　　lie （躺） lay， lain， lying （不及物動(dòng)詞）

　　lie （說謊） lied， lied， lying

　　［誤］ Please rise your hand.

　　［正］ Please raise your hand.

　�。畚觯� rise 是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能接賓語，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物動(dòng)詞。

　�。壅`］ I like to swim very much， but I don’t like swimming this afternoon.

　�。壅�］ I like swimming very much， but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

　　［析］ like作為“喜歡”講時(shí)，可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式，但接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)多表達(dá)一種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動(dòng)作。但要注意的是like 與would連用時(shí)則一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me？再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是，like作為介詞“像”講時(shí)，只能用分詞作其賓語。

　�。壅`］ Stop！ Did you listen to a strange voice？

　�。壅�］ Stop！ Did you hear a strange voice？

　　［析］ hear的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到、聽見什么，而listen to 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)為聽的傾向，如：listen！ Do you hear someone calling help？這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see.它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同，look重于“看”的傾向，而see重于看見沒看見。

　�。壅`］ Did you watch some film recently？

　　［正］ Did you see some film recently？

　　［析］ 英語中see 與 watch 各有不同的用處，see用于看電影、劇目，而watch用作看電視和看球賽。

　�。壅`］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.

　�。壅�］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.

　�。畚觯� hang有兩個(gè)含義，① “掛”，它的過去時(shí)與過去分詞是hung， hung；② “絞刑”，這時(shí)它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式與過去分詞則為hanged， hanged.

　�。壅`］ How long can I borrow this book？

　�。壅�］ How long can I keep this book？

　�。畚觯� “借”在英文中有三個(gè)詞，① 借入，即borrow，如：May I borrow some books from the library？② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep， 因?yàn)閎orrow與lend都是截止性動(dòng)詞，而keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如 How long can I keep it？

　�。壅`］ We have won your class.

　　［正］ We have beaten your class.

　�。畚觯� win是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面的賓語應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金。而beat的賓語，應(yīng)是人、隊(duì)、班級等等，如：We won the game.

　�。壅`］ I left my key.

　　［正］ I forgot my key.

　�。壅�］ I left my key at home.

　�。畚觯� leave是“丟下”，其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語，而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語。

　�。壅`］ Oh！ It’s raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.

　　［正］ Oh！ It’s raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.

　　［析］ bring為“帶來”如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take為“帶走”，fetch為“去某處取什么回來”，如：Please fetch some coffee for us要熟記的是在初中課文中與take有關(guān)的詞組，如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脫下 take…out 拿出 take place 發(fā)生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 參加 take a seat 坐下take one’s place 替代 take a look 看看 take one’s turn 輪流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 別著急take one’s time 慢慢來 take one’s temperature 測量體溫

　　［誤］ The policeman reached his gun.

　�。壅�］ The policeman reached for his gun.

　�。畚觯� reach作“到達(dá)”講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30但作“伸手去拿”，則要用reach for something.作為“到達(dá)”講時(shí)還有arrive （in+大地方）（at＋較小的地方）和get to.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有： get back 回來 get in 收割 get into 進(jìn)入 get off 下車 get on 上車 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到達(dá) get ready for=be ready for get on well with 與人相處融洽 get 加比較級為變得如何，例如： get colder and colder.

　�。壅`］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.

　　［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.

　�。畚觯� 英文中的“花費(fèi)”有4個(gè)spend， cost， take 和 pay，其中spend 與pay所在句中的主語應(yīng)為人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost與take的主語則是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.

　�。壅`］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.

　　［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.

　�。壅�］ I always sleep with the windows closed.

　�。畚觯菀�注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞，而close則要用其過去分詞作形容詞。

　　［誤］ Please wait a minute. I’m having on my clothes.

　�。壅�］ Please wait a minute. I’m putting on my clothes.

　�。畚觯萦⒄Z中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài)，是什么樣的穿著打扮，還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類動(dòng)詞。表示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有have on， wear，在用法上have on不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它多用一般時(shí)態(tài)，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear則多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示狀態(tài)，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示動(dòng)作的詞中put on是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當(dāng)“穿衣”講時(shí)其后賓語不應(yīng)接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn‘t dress themselves.在表示穿著狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞，如：He is dressed in white.

　�。壅`］ My computer can’t begin. Could you find someone to help me？

　�。壅�］ My computer can’t start. Could you find someone to help me？

　�。畚觯� begin與start均可指“開始”，而且常常可以互換，如：School begins （starts） at 8 a. m. 但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin 而要用start， ① 當(dāng)作機(jī)器開動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)講，如：My car can‘t start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作為“旅途開始”講，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.

　�。壅`］ I’m very glad because I have founded my lost key.

　�。壅�］ I’m very glad because I have found my lost key.

　�。畚觯� find是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，它的過去式和過去分詞是found， found，而found又是另外一詞“建立”，它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式與過去分詞是founded founded， 如：The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.

　　［誤］ Please. Let’s speak in English.

　�。壅�］ Please. Let’s speak English.

　　［正］ Please. Let’s talk in English.

　�。壅`］ Can you speak it English？

　�。壅�］ Can you say it in English？

　�。畚觯� 英文中“說”有4個(gè)常用詞say， tell， speak， talk.其中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接語言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，其他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say 與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用雙賓語，如：Tell us a story.但用于講實(shí)話或謊話時(shí)也用單賓語。如： Tell the truth.

　�。壅`］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese？

　�。壅�］ Can you tell Japanese from Chinese？

　�。畚觯� tell…from為固定詞組，即分辨兩者的不同。

　　［誤］ Excuse me， did I step on your foot？

　�。壅�］ Oh， sorry， did I step on your foot？

　�。畚觯� excuse me用于未打擾對方前，以提醒對方注意的用語，而sorry則是由于自己已做的事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?P>　�。壅`］ Would you care for to swim with us？

　�。壅�］ Would you care to swim with us？

　�。畚觯� care for 后接不定式時(shí)，要省略for，或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作“照顧”講時(shí)與look after相同。在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)與for有關(guān)的詞組有

　　ask for 請求 call for 接人，請人 care for 關(guān)心

　　go in for 從事 answer for 負(fù)責(zé) look for 尋找

　　wait for 等待 send for 請人 pay for 付款

　　search for 尋找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 準(zhǔn)備

　　thank somebody for something 為某事向某人道謝。

　�。壅`］ Are you understanding it？ Yes， I got to it.

　�。壅�］ Do you understand it？ Yes， I got it.

　　［析］ understand這一詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如同感觀動(dòng)詞love、hate… I got it 是美語，即I understood it.要記住get 作為“到達(dá)”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，如：I’ll get to the school at 8 a. m.初中范圍常用與to有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞詞組 belong to 屬于 come to 蘇醒 point to （at） 指著get to 到達(dá) refer to 談到 stick to 堅(jiān)持lead to 導(dǎo)致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望agree to 同意

　�。壅`］ The meat has gone badly.

　　［正］ The meat has gone bad.

　�。畚觯� 英語中g(shù)o， get， become， turn作為轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，其后接形容詞，這時(shí)這些動(dòng)詞應(yīng)被看作系動(dòng)詞。