中學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)常見錯(cuò)誤·動(dòng)詞

　�。壅`］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.

　　［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

　�。畚觯萑绻骶涞闹^語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其賓語從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果是過去時(shí)，則賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時(shí)間而變化的客觀事實(shí)，所以還應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來表達(dá)。

　�。壅`］ I’ll come to see you as soon as I’ll be back.

　�。壅� I’ll come to see you as soon as I am back.

　�。畚觯� 在狀語從句中要用一般時(shí)來表示將來，如：I should tell him when he came back.

　�。壅`］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.

　�。壅� I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.

　　［析］在賓語從句中則要用將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。要注意的是如果賓語從句中仍有狀語從句時(shí)，依然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you’ll come here or not.

　�。壅`］ What did you do at eight last night？

　　［正］ What were you doing at eight last night？

　�。畚觯菰诿枋鲞^去某一具體時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或從某時(shí)到某時(shí)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday

　�。壅`］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them， because I have seen it before.

　　［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them because I had seen it before.

　�。畚觯莠F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的相同之處是其動(dòng)作均開始于過去的某一點(diǎn)，它的差別在于該動(dòng)作是截止到什么時(shí)候。如動(dòng)作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如動(dòng)作截止到過去，用過去完成時(shí)。例如：I‘ve learnt English for three years.（到現(xiàn)在為止）又如：Before I went to college， I had learnt English for three years. （動(dòng)作截止到上大學(xué)那時(shí)，即截止于過去）

　�。壅`］ I’m feeling well now.

　　［正］ I feel well now.

　�。畚觯菟查g動(dòng)詞有些無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它們是：表示思維狀態(tài)的詞：believe， feel， forget， imagine， know， mean， need， prefer， remember， understand， want 表示感情的動(dòng)詞：care， like， do like， love， mind， hate， fear 表示狀態(tài)的詞：belong， own 感觀動(dòng)詞： feel， hear， see， smell， taste

　�。壅`］ When have you done this work？

　　［正］ When did you do this work？

　　［析］ when提問的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的問句中。

　�。壅`］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.

　　［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.

　�。畚觯� have gone to 是到某地去了，此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。have been to 是到過某地，現(xiàn)在此人在說話現(xiàn)場。

　　［誤］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.

　�。壅� I have kept this book for two weeks.

　�。畚觯萁刂剐詣�(dòng)詞有完成時(shí)態(tài)，但不可和與表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun. 但要講When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 這樣的用法還有buy， join， die， 如：I bought this book yesterday.我買的這本書。 I have had this book for two days. 這本書我已買了兩天了。

　　I joined the club two years ago.兩年前我加入了這個(gè)俱樂部。

　　I have been in this club for two years. 我加入這個(gè)俱樂部已兩年了。

　　My father died five years ago. 我父親是5年前去世的。

　　My father has been dead for five years. 我父親已去世5年了。

　�。壅`］ Have you understood the lessons？

　　［正］ Do you understand the lessons？

　�。畚觯� 有些動(dòng)詞不易用完成時(shí)態(tài)，它們是understand， think， believe， know （知道）

　　［誤］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.

　�。壅`］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.

　�。壅� It was said that the Second World War broke out in 1939.

　　［析］在講述過去的歷史事件時(shí)，總要用過去時(shí)而不要用完成時(shí)，而且happen， break out， take place作為發(fā)生講時(shí)均沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

　�。壅`］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.

　�。壅� When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.

　�。畚觯菰谝粋€(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過程中，某一突然事件發(fā)生，這時(shí)長動(dòng)作應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)），如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.

　�。壅`］ Please buy a book to me.

　　［正］ Please buy me a book.

　�。壅� Please buy a book for me.

　�。畚觯菰诮与p賓語的動(dòng)詞后面的兩個(gè)賓語，一個(gè)是直接賓語，一個(gè)是間接賓語，如：Buy me a book中me是間接賓語，而a book是直接賓語。如果將直接賓語前置，其后應(yīng)加for，其它加to如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.

　�。壅`］ He was seen come into the book store.

　�。壅� He was seen to come into the book store.

　　［析］ 在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，有時(shí)可以加不帶to的不定式作賓語，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則要將省略的to還原。當(dāng)然這些動(dòng)詞還可以加動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如： I saw him coming into the book store， 如變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則沒有變化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.