中學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)常見錯誤·動詞

　　［誤］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.

　�。壅�］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

　�。畚觯萑绻�主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，其賓語從句可以是任何時態(tài)。如果是過去時，則賓語從句中的時態(tài)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時間而變化的客觀事實，所以還應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)來表達。

　　［誤］ I’ll come to see you as soon as I’ll be back.

　�。壅�］ I’ll come to see you as soon as I am back.

　�。畚觯� 在狀語從句中要用一般時來表示將來，如：I should tell him when he came back.

　�。壅`］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.

　�。壅�］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.

　�。畚觯菰谫e語從句中則要用將來時表示將來的動作。要注意的是如果賓語從句中仍有狀語從句時，依然要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you’ll come here or not.

　�。壅`］ What did you do at eight last night？

　�。壅�］ What were you doing at eight last night？

　　［析］在描述過去某一具體時刻的動作或從某時到某時一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作要用過去進行時，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday

　　［誤］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them， because I have seen it before.

　　［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn’t go with them because I had seen it before.

　�。畚觯莠F(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的相同之處是其動作均開始于過去的某一點，它的差別在于該動作是截止到什么時候。如動作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時；如動作截止到過去，用過去完成時。例如：I‘ve learnt English for three years.（到現(xiàn)在為止）又如：Before I went to college， I had learnt English for three years. （動作截止到上大學(xué)那時，即截止于過去）

　�。壅`］ I’m feeling well now.

　�。壅�］ I feel well now.

　　［析］瞬間動詞有些無進行時態(tài)，它們是：表示思維狀態(tài)的詞：believe， feel， forget， imagine， know， mean， need， prefer， remember， understand， want 表示感情的動詞：care， like， do like， love， mind， hate， fear 表示狀態(tài)的詞：belong， own 感觀動詞： feel， hear， see， smell， taste

　　［誤］ When have you done this work？

　　［正］ When did you do this work？

　�。畚觯� when提問的是一個時間點不可用于完成時態(tài)的問句中。

　�。壅`］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.

　�。壅�］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.

　�。畚觯� have gone to 是到某地去了，此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。have been to 是到過某地，現(xiàn)在此人在說話現(xiàn)場。

　　［誤］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.

　�。壅�］ I have kept this book for two weeks.

　�。畚觯萁刂剐詣釉~有完成時態(tài)，但不可和與表達一段時間的時間狀語連用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun. 但要講When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 這樣的用法還有buy， join， die， 如：I bought this book yesterday.我買的這本書。 I have had this book for two days. 這本書我已買了兩天了。

　　I joined the club two years ago.兩年前我加入了這個俱樂部。

　　I have been in this club for two years. 我加入這個俱樂部已兩年了。

　　My father died five years ago. 我父親是5年前去世的。

　　My father has been dead for five years. 我父親已去世5年了。

　　［誤］ Have you understood the lessons？

　�。壅�］ Do you understand the lessons？

　　［析］ 有些動詞不易用完成時態(tài)，它們是understand， think， believe， know （知道）

　�。壅`］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.

　�。壅`］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.

　�。壅�］ It was said that the Second World War broke out in 1939.

　　［析］在講述過去的歷史事件時，總要用過去時而不要用完成時，而且happen， break out， take place作為發(fā)生講時均沒有被動語態(tài)。

　�。壅`］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.

　�。壅�］ When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.

　　［析］在一個長動作發(fā)生或進行的過程中，某一突然事件發(fā)生，這時長動作應(yīng)用進行時（現(xiàn)在進行時或過去進行時），而突發(fā)性動作用一般時（一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時），如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.

　�。壅`］ Please buy a book to me.

　�。壅�］ Please buy me a book.

　　［正］ Please buy a book for me.

　�。畚觯菰诮与p賓語的動詞后面的兩個賓語，一個是直接賓語，一個是間接賓語，如：Buy me a book中me是間接賓語，而a book是直接賓語。如果將直接賓語前置，其后應(yīng)加for，其它加to如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.

　　［誤］ He was seen come into the book store.

　�。壅�］ He was seen to come into the book store.

　�。畚觯� 在主動語態(tài)中，有時可以加不帶to的不定式作賓語，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則要將省略的to還原。當(dāng)然這些動詞還可以加動名詞作賓語，如： I saw him coming into the book store， 如變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則沒有變化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.