完形填空要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),處理好每個(gè)單句,并且還要處理好單句之間與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,一般情況下,“完形填空”題要求學(xué)生填入的詞主要有:構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;名詞和介詞;根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞;同義詞、近義詞等易混詞?疾橐詫(shí)詞為主,兼顧虛詞和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),有些學(xué)生平時(shí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)不夠扎實(shí),對(duì)這些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)掌握又不好,也造成了完形填空得分率低。
如②:
A little dog lived near the river. One morning the little dog __1__his beautiful clothes and went for a walk by the river. __2__ his way he met a little fox.
1. A.wear B.had C.dressed D.put on
2. A.on B.by C.in D.at
第一題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是一組同義詞,都可以表示“穿”,但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌兴煌。wear和have on都可接“衣物”作賓語(yǔ),意為“穿著”表示狀態(tài),put on也可接“衣物”作賓語(yǔ),意為“穿上”,表示動(dòng)作,而dress的賓語(yǔ)只能是人,而不能是衣物,根據(jù)以上分析,再結(jié)合原句的意思,可以確定正確答案為D,如果學(xué)生沒有掌握好這四個(gè)同義詞的用法及它們之間的區(qū)別,就很難做對(duì)。
第二題是一習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),表示“在去……的路上”英語(yǔ)中有“on one’s way to……”而by、at、in 都不能用在該短評(píng)中,故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。因此平時(shí),我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)過程中,對(duì)詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配,語(yǔ)言的習(xí)慣表達(dá),句型結(jié)構(gòu)等都應(yīng)重視。
三、 學(xué)生綜合分析能力和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的實(shí)踐能力比較差
完形填空不但要考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞法、句法和句型等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)而且還要考查學(xué)生的分析能力、邏輯推斷能力,語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,有時(shí),把一個(gè)詞填在某個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子中,可能是通順的。但從文章角度看,填入這個(gè)詞,便可能與文章的主題大相徑庭了。因此,學(xué)生在做題時(shí),要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)和利用文中的信息句,善于從字里行間中尋求啟示。雖然在做完形填空題時(shí),很多詞與詞,句與句之間都是有一定語(yǔ)法關(guān)系和固定詞語(yǔ)的搭配而聯(lián)系在一起的,但有些還得根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)意來選擇與前后句有聯(lián)系的名詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。
例如③:
Mr. Brown began to walk at 8 in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the ____ and his shadow(影子) lay long behind him . He had to look for a place for a place for the night.
A. east B. west C. south D. north
此題所給的選項(xiàng)的四個(gè)表示方向的名詞,均可和前面的介詞“towards”搭配,很難判斷哪一個(gè)正確答案。因此只有運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法才能判斷該答案。根據(jù)上文的“太陽(yáng)就要落山了”判斷此時(shí)應(yīng)為太陽(yáng)是在西方。再根據(jù)下文的“他的影子長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)地拖在后面。”可以推出,此時(shí)布朗先生正朝西方慢慢地走著,故選B。因此,我們?cè)谝髮W(xué)生多歸納常用句型,熟記習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配,掌握詞法句型的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。
下面以寧波市2000年初中畢業(yè),升學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)的完形填空來實(shí)例分析一下。
I had been in London for three years. During the time I was staying there, my strong wish was to go back home __1__ staying in the city I didn’t know very well.
__2__when the day came for my leaving, I had a strange feeling and my mind was __3__ many beautiful things in London: the tall trees around my house, the clean streets, the school library ,the old church near the school and so on. I was for the first time not sure whether I really wished to go. I was becoming good at spoken