英語語法　虛擬語氣專題訓(xùn)練及答案

The Subjunctive Mood:

　　虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜測、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等，也可以表示可能性較小的情況或不可能發(fā)生的情況，而不是客觀存在的事實(shí)（表示客觀事實(shí)要用陳述語氣）。虛擬語氣是由句中謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表現(xiàn)出來的。虛擬語氣常用于復(fù)合句中，也可用于簡單句。

一、虛擬語氣的用法

I. Present Unreal:

l If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 動(dòng)詞過去式 (were, did, had, etc.), should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形

e.g. If I had HIV, I would know because I would fell sick.

If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.

II. Past Unreal:

l If I (you, he / she, we, they) + had + 過去分詞, should / would / could / might + have + 過去分詞

e.g. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.

If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.

III. Future impossible:

1. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 動(dòng)詞過去式 (were, did, had, etc.), … should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形

e.g. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.

2. If I (you, he / she, we, they) should +動(dòng)詞原形, … should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形

e.g. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

3. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + were to +動(dòng)詞原形, should / would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形

e.g. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.

二、虛擬語氣應(yīng)該注意的問題

I. 關(guān)于假使條件虛擬語氣需注意的幾點(diǎn)

1. 如果從句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致, 這種假設(shè)條件句叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件虛擬語氣. 其主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成要根據(jù)所假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定.

1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now. 如果我服用了那種藥的話, 現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好些了.

2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. 如果(前些日子)天氣更好些, 莊稼一定會(huì)長得更好.

2. If it were not for / had not been for… 也是一種條件虛擬語氣從句, 譯為 “要不是因?yàn)?hellip;…”.