Section C

　　Directions: There are2 passages in this section. Each passages followed by some questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

　　Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.

　　But that isn't why the government-under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party-has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉劑).

　　Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (懲罰性的)duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.

　　So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March.

　　Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (嘆惜) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity.

　　The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.

　　47.【題干】What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?

　　【選項】

　　A.Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.

　　B.It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.

　　C.Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.

　　D.It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】題干中的chain smokers指"長期抽煙的人"(chain原意指"鏈條")與第1段首句中的veteran nicotine addict"老煙槍"對應(veteran指"老手"，尼古丁指代香煙)，故答案就在這一句。該句提到，這些人會證實，花哨的包裝對他們決定是否繼續(xù)抽煙沒有起到任何作用(plays no role in...);接下來提到去掉香煙的紙盒包裝(cartons，即題干中的packaging)不會引發(fā)大規(guī)模的戒煙運動�？梢姡珼項"對他們是否戒煙的決定影響不大"與原文意思相符，其中的little impact與文中的plays no role對應。

　　48.【題干】What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?

　　【選項】

　　A.Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.

　　B.Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.

　　C.Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.

　　D.Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】本題問英國政府在煙草包裝方面同意哪些做法。第2段首句，第二個破折號后的內(nèi)容即為答案，即legislate for standardised packaging"立法規(guī)范香煙包裝"。A項"通過一項法規(guī)，規(guī)范卷煙包裝"與此表意一致，因此正確。

　　49.【題干】What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?

　　【選項】

　　A.Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.

　　B.The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.

　　C.The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.

　　D.Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】文章只在第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到Australia，該句是說在澳大利亞，簡易包裝這一方法在控煙之路上取得進一步的成效，其中的that road指代什么應從上一句找。上一句提到吸煙人數(shù)銳減(a fall in smoking)，故本句的pushes…further along that road應指"在減少吸煙人數(shù)上更進一步"。選項中，只有B項"吸煙者的數(shù)暈比英國下降的要多"提到關(guān)鍵信息"減少吸煙人數(shù)"，故正確。

　　50.【題干】Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?

　　【選項】

　　A.Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.

　　B.There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.

　　C.Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.

　　D.Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】題干內(nèi)容與第4段首句一致，故答案應從其后的內(nèi)容中找。第4段第3句提及規(guī)范香煙包裝的立法計劃 在2013年暫停，之后提到大衛(wèi)·卡梅倫的競選主任Lynton Crosby之前給某公司做過代理。言下之意即該計劃的擱置與卡梅倫有關(guān)。第5段倒數(shù)第2句提到了卡梅倫沒有強烈的意愿去促成這件事。此外，全文最后一句暗示卡梅倫在顧及大煙草公司的利益(be hooked on the interests of...，其中hook on原意指"與……掛鉤")。綜合上述信息，可以確定A項"卡梅倫首相一直不愿采取行動"為答案。

　　51.【題干】What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?

　　【選項】

　　A.They fueled a lot of controversy.

　　B.They attracted a of smokers.

　　C.They made more British people obese.

　　D.They had certain ingredients missing.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】全文只在第5段末句提及了chocolate oranges。該句講到卡梅倫嘆惜超市收銀處擺放的巧克力橙子會加劇肥胖問題(chocolate oranges... fueled obesity)，fuel原意指"添加燃料，加油"，可引申為"推動，助長"。因此C項"使更多的英國人肥胖"正確，其中的obese與文中的obesity是同根詞。

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　What a waste of money! In return for an average of £44,000of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from £1,000 to £9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn't even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.

　　No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks(騙術(shù))There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.

　　Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students pay very little-if any-of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning &21,000 a year. Almost half of graduates-those who go on to earn less-will have a portion of their debt written off. It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university; studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.

　　Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures(兀鷹).Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e" an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.

　　Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at i top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university-and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.

　　52.【題干】What is the author's opinion of going to university?

　　【選項】

　　A.It is worthwhile after all.

　　B.It is simply a waste of time.

　　C.It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.

　　D.It is too expensive for most young people.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】本題問作者對上大學的看法，具有一定概括性。文章前兩段均是對上大學的負面評價：第1段感嘆上大學是浪費錢(waste of money)，付出大，回報低;第2段指出大學受到的垢病(denounce)。第3段第1句指出，盡管如此，上大學依然是值得的(Yet it still pays)。A項"終究是值得的"與其同義，故為答案。

　　53.【題干】Whatdoesthe author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?

　　【選項】

　　A.Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.

　　B.It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.

　　C.Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.

　　D.Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本題問作者對英國大學畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)狀況如何評述。第1段末句指出每10個畢業(yè)生中，有6個所從事的工作并不要求大學畢業(yè)生來做，D項"他們中的大多數(shù)所從事的工作不要求大學學位"與之一致，most of them對應原文的six in ten，而don't require a college degree則對應文中的non-graduate jobs。

　　54.【題干】What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?

　　【選項】

　　A.Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.

　　B.Practical skills they will need in their future careers.

　　C.Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.

　　D.Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本題詢問作者的觀點，問對于大學生來說，除了課堂教育外，還有什么是重要的。第3段第4、5句指出大學里重要的不僅僅是課程和輔導，教育還包括學生在課程和研討課之外、彼此之間相互學到的知識。注意文中的between lectures and seminars指在"課堂與課堂之間的時間，研討課與研討課之間的時間"，即課 后的時間。C項中的outside the classroom"課外"與此對應，因此C項"學生課堂外相互間的交流"為答案。

　　55.【題干】What is said to be an advantage of going to university?

　　【選項】

　　A.Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.

　　B.Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.

　　C.Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.

　　D.Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】本題詢問上大學的好處。本文第4段講述上大學的必要性和好處。第4句指出，大學生在校園里還會遇上以后可能身居要職的人，建立起終身的聯(lián)系，暗示大學生在大學中建立的這些人脈關(guān)系會對他們未來的職業(yè)生涯有好處，故B項"遇見將來對你有幫助的人"為答案。

　　56.【題干】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　【選項】

　　A.It natural for students to make complaints about university education.

　　B.Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.

　　C.University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.

　　D.The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本題何從最后一段可推斷出什么。最后一段第2句中的no sign of that happening暗示，在未來一段時間內(nèi)，用人單位都會關(guān)注(focus)求職考上的是哪所大學(where someone went to university)，因此D項"大學的名望影響用人單位的招聘結(jié)果"為正確答案。

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