2010年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試全真預(yù)測試題

　　閱讀理解

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

　　The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

　　The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

　　Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

　　57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?

　　[A]All international managers can learn culture.

　　[B]Business diversity is not necessary.

　　[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

　　[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.

　　58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi .

　　[A]is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around

　　[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s

　　[C]shows the reverse of globalization

　　[D]has converged cultural differences

　　59.The two schools of thought .

　　[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures

　　[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries

　　[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world

　　[D]both A and B

　　60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those .

　　[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

　　[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture

　　[C]who want to travel abroad

　　[D]who want to run business on International Scale

　　61.According to Fortune, successful international

　　companies .

　　[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

　　[B]all have the quality of patience

　　[C]will follow the overseas local cultures

　　[D]adopt the policy of internationalization

　　【全文翻譯】

　　文化是國際商業(yè)中最具是挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。作為一種體系，文化具有既定社會成員習(xí)得性行為模式的特點，不斷受到一些動態(tài)變量的塑造，如：語言、宗教信仰、價值觀、態(tài)度、行為方式和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、美學(xué)、科技、教育和社會制度。為了應(yīng)對這一體系，一個國際經(jīng)理需要了解文化知識并對此作出詮釋。在某種程度上，文化知識可以通過學(xué)習(xí)獲得，但對文化的詮釋只能通過實踐獲得。

　　應(yīng)對文化環(huán)境最復(fù)雜的問題源于這樣一個事實：人生在文化中但卻不能學(xué)習(xí)文化。關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對文化的多樣性，商界中存在兩種觀點。一種認(rèn)為，商業(yè)是世界性的，遵循百事(Pepsi)和麥當(dāng)勞(McDonald)的模式。在某些情況下，全球化就是生活;但是，文化差異仍然難以趨同。

　　另外一種觀點認(rèn)為，企業(yè)必須調(diào)整其策略以適應(yīng)特別的文化。在各個國家建立政策和程序就如同器官移植，關(guān)鍵的問題是以接受或排斥為中心。國際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是要確認(rèn)排斥不是由文化近視或者盲目所引起的。

　　財富(Fortune)對十二個海外收入占其總收入20%或更多的大公司的國際業(yè)績進(jìn)行了研究。成功的國際公司都有一個重要的特征：耐心。它們不是冒失地闖入而是遵循最基本的商業(yè)原則認(rèn)真地營造自己的經(jīng)營活動。這些原則就是了解對手、了解觀眾以及了解顧客。