第 1 頁:模擬試題 |
第 5 頁:答案及解析 |
Part Ⅳ
短文大意
本篇短文主要說明了個人的主觀能動性是取得成功的主要因素。那些在大學里學習想獲取很大成就的學生往往比那些標準不高的學生的考分高得多。那么個人如何才能獲取較大的成績呢 ?主要靠個人的奮斗,也就是說,個人必須具有很強烈的獲得成功的積極性。這種積極性不要別人監(jiān)督,要對自己負責,要具有一定的良好素質——具有較大的成就,要有很強的積極性,有進取心,而不是僅僅為了找一份工作,混口飯吃而已。研究表明,有些的確有所作為的人為了避免失敗則有更強的進取心。
71. 【參考答 案】individual motivation for work
【解題技巧】利用短文中的關鍵詞進行總結。
【詳細解答】要找一篇文章的主題,必須首先對全文有所了解。本題的答案是不可能從某一句話或某一段落能夠找得到的。這就需要有全局觀念,要有概括能力,要從關鍵詞中找答 案。文章的第一段主要說明了有進取心的學生往往考分較高,這種進取心來自一種動力 (motivation)。第二段主要說明那些有強烈愿望取得好成績的人都有一種很強的motivation,這種積極性或原動力是不需要有人監(jiān)督的。第三段最后一句話高度概括了這一段落的中心意思。然后,把三段的主要內容融合在一起考慮,就不難得出這樣的結論: individual motivation for work。
72. 【參考答 案】by working well alone
【解題技巧】可以利用原文中的關鍵詞語來確定答 案。
【詳細解答】要回答這個問題,需要從字行里去找答 案,因為有些問題比較直觀。個人如何獲得好成績 ?是靠個人的努力或是靠監(jiān)管人員的監(jiān)督?在第二段中有這樣一句話: Their desire for accomplishment is a stronger motivation than any situation the supervisor can provide由此可知,個人的成績是靠自己的努力,靠動力,而不是靠別人的監(jiān)管。
73. 【參考答 案】accept responsibilities for themselves or be responsible for themselves
【解題技巧】通過總結和推理找出答 案。
【詳細解答】根據短文意思,有爭勝心的人往往會自己對自己負責。要回答這個問題是不能從某一句話或某一段落中找答 案的,就必須對整篇文章進行概括和總結,并根據問題的提出進行推理。前面已經講過,學習好要有動力,取得成功要有動力,要靠本人,而不是靠別人的監(jiān)管和督促,從而也就得出結論:成功要靠自己 (Be responsible for themselves)。
74. 【參考答 案】high achievement needs
【解題技巧】從段落中的關鍵詞語中找答 案。
【詳細解答】招聘人員對大學高年級學生訓練成管理人材的素質要求是:要有很強的事業(yè)心和進取精神。這可以從短文的第三段中看得出來,如: Thoughts concerning the achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical employment interviewer who interviews college seniors for excutive training.這段文字的關鍵詞語是:achievement drive(成就動力),也就是achievement needs。
75. 【參考答 案】they are afraid of failing
【解題技巧】需要從字行里找答 案,根據關鍵詞語進行推理。
【詳細解答】 What motivates some seniors to succeed?要回答這個問題,需要仔細分析文章的最后一句話: Research indicates that some who do get ahead have an even stronger drive to avoid failure. 研究說明有些的確能夠進取的人甚至有更強的避免失敗的動力。這種避免失敗的動力,實際上就是害怕失敗。
Part Ⅴ
寫作指導
這是一篇描寫文 (Description)。用通俗的話說,描寫文就是用文字給人物、地點、景物畫象。一篇描寫文主要是通過所感受的細節(jié)——所見所聞發(fā)展而來的。在寫人時,不僅僅要用細節(jié)描寫其外貌,而要注重通過他的言行來表現其人物性格、思想和品德,更要抓住他區(qū)別于他人的性格特點,這樣就容易給讀者留下深刻的印象。短文的第一、二段敘述故事發(fā)生的時間、地點,故事發(fā)生的原因及故事所涉及的人物。文章的三、四、五段描寫的是人物的外貌,穿著及性格特點。通過對人物言行的簡單描寫來揭示主人翁的助人為樂的高尚精神。短文的最后一段,要用一句話概括作者對主人翁的看法: A good guy。文章有描述,有議論,要加敘加議,有血有肉,上下文連貫要緊密,首尾要呼應,人和事要給人們留下深刻印象。
Sample Writing
The First Impression of My Roommate
It was my first day at the institute. I got into the building where I was going to live, and looked door after door for my name. At last I found it. In the room, there was already a student making his bed.
After we said “how do you do?” to each other, he continued his work, paying no more attention to me. I looked around the room and found that it had been thoroughly cleaned. No doubt it was he who had done it.
I looked at him. He was thin, short and dark. His hair was like a bundle of straw. His dirty clothes and tired look told me that he had had a long journey. His clothes were made of cheap cloth, and he wore a pair of rubber shoes, which were very unfashionable. He was not a very smart freshmen at all.
The second time he spoke, his accent told me that he was from the south. “Shall I help you to get your luggage from the office?”I did not refuse since I really needed help. He was quick in movement. He walked out of the room and was soon far ahead of me to the office.
“ A good guy, ” I said to myself. “ I will make friends with him ” , and I hurried and caught up with him.
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