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第一單元、 四級(jí)英語聽力的考查模式

1.對(duì)話 
  聽力部分一般是20個(gè)小題,由A和B兩部分組成。A部分通常是10個(gè)對(duì)話,每個(gè)對(duì)話設(shè)一個(gè)小題,要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案!
2.短文 
  B部分有兩種形式,一是聽短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文,每篇短文后有三到四個(gè)問題,共10道小題。該部分主要測(cè)試同學(xué)們的整體理解能力。 
3.復(fù)合式聽寫 

B部分的另一種是復(fù)合式聽寫。復(fù)合式聽寫由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽寫,要求同學(xué)們毫無差錯(cuò)地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補(bǔ)全信息。一般是,每段的第一句主題句已經(jīng)給出,要求填出具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容說明主題,可以使用聽到的原話,也可以使用自己的語言。
 

第二單元、四級(jí)英語聽力的命題規(guī)律和測(cè)試重點(diǎn) 

1. 對(duì)話 
  對(duì)話部分考查的重點(diǎn)有: 

1) 地點(diǎn) 

  根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或?qū)υ捴兴崾录l(fā)生的地點(diǎn)是四級(jí)英語聽力測(cè)試中常見的也是比較重要的一個(gè)題型。地點(diǎn)題一般有以下幾種: 
(1)根據(jù)信息詞設(shè)題 
① W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? 
M: So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away. 
Q: Where are the two speakers? 
A. In a hotel.                 B. At a dinner table. 
C. In the street.               D.


第三單元、四級(jí)英語聽力的解題技巧

1.對(duì)話 
  根據(jù)對(duì)話聽力的設(shè)題特點(diǎn),我認(rèn)為在解答對(duì)話聽力理解題時(shí)同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): 
1)提前閱讀選項(xiàng),判斷問題所屬,從而集中精力于有關(guān)信息!
2)注意根據(jù)信息詞匯判斷地點(diǎn)和說話人的身份職業(yè)等!
  當(dāng)同學(xué)們看到四個(gè)地點(diǎn)和職業(yè)名詞時(shí),大腦中就應(yīng)該馬上出現(xiàn)與這些地點(diǎn)或職業(yè)相關(guān)的一系列詞語,在聽的過程中注意提到了什么信息詞語,這樣就可輕松地判斷談話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn),說話人的職業(yè)或身份,以及談話雙方的關(guān)系!
  為此,同學(xué)們有必要了解與各種職業(yè)和地點(diǎn)行業(yè)有關(guān)的信息詞匯,如: 
飯店:menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch, It's my treat等; 
旅館:check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等; 
醫(yī)院:physician, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, visiting 
hours, prescribe, pill等; 
銀行:open an account, withdraw, deposit, saving, cash a check等; 
飛機(jī)/機(jī)場(chǎng):flight, safety-belt, boarding card, captain, airhostess, airline, take off, land, crash等!
  有關(guān)信息詞匯同學(xué)們可以參看四級(jí)英語《聽力分冊(cè)》,這里就不再一一列舉。 
3)注意加減運(yùn)算,聽到的不是答案 
  在涉及時(shí)間、距離、金錢等數(shù)量概念的聽力中,一般都要求同學(xué)們進(jìn)行加減方面的運(yùn)算,很少是聽到什么就是什么。有時(shí),計(jì)算可能會(huì)麻煩些,同學(xué)們可以先將聽到的時(shí)間等記下,等有時(shí)間再計(jì)算。在計(jì)算題中應(yīng)特別注意以下數(shù)字的讀音差別: 
13---30 14-40 15 --- 50 16 --- 60 17 -70 18 -80 19 -90 
  選項(xiàng)中會(huì)有這種數(shù)字讀音差別的考查。如: 
W: when does the next train leave? 
M: You have just missed one by 5 minutes. Trains leave every 50 
minutes, so you'll have to wait for a while. 
Q: How long does the woman have to wait for the next train? 
A. 45 minutes. B. 50 minutes. C. 10 minutes. D. 5 minutes. 
  如果把50minutes 聽成了15 minutes,就會(huì)誤選選項(xiàng)C!
4)注意記筆記,將人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等對(duì)號(hào)入座 
  聽力測(cè)試中的另外一種現(xiàn)象就是,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或事件等在對(duì)話中可能都有提及。在這種情況下,同學(xué)們所需要的不是尋找信息詞,而是注意將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與對(duì)話中提及的信息對(duì)號(hào)入座。如: 
① W: Do you enjoy life in Washington? 
M: Yes, indeed. I'm planning to move to New York or Boston. 
Anyway, I've never regretted my earlier decision. 
Q: Where does the man live now? 
A. In New York. B. In Boston C. In Newport D. In Washington 
  四個(gè)地點(diǎn)對(duì)話中提到了三個(gè),具體是哪一個(gè),同學(xué)們?cè)诼牭臅r(shí)候應(yīng)注意分辨。 
②M:Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store. 
W:I am not going to any store. I'm going to see Aunt Mary. But I 
will get them for you at the gas station. 
Q:Where will the woman stop on her way? 
A. At a cigarette store. B. At a bus station. 
C. At a gas station. D. At Aunt Mary's 
③M:I'd like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th. 
W:I'm sorry, we're booked up on the 8th. But we still have a few 
seats available on June 9th. 
Q:When does the man want to leave? 
A. On the 6th of June. B. On the 8th of June. C. On the 9th of June. D. On the 19th of June 
  如果地點(diǎn)不含職業(yè)性的對(duì)比,一般就很可能屬于這里所介紹的類型,那么同學(xué)們所做的就是分別。 
5)從語法入手、從短語含義入手,判斷隱含之意 
  在四級(jí)聽力中?疾榈降恼Z法是建議和虛擬語氣。要求同學(xué)們判斷建議是什么,虛擬中含義是什么。就建議而言,同學(xué)們只需注意建議的各種表達(dá)方式,就可解答這類聽力題;至于虛擬語氣,我想同學(xué)們可以記住這樣一條規(guī)律: 
  與所聽到的相反的就是答案!
6) 概括與具體,具體與抽象相對(duì),概括的、抽象的是解 
  這類題主要是話題的選擇,也包括一些對(duì)整個(gè)事件的評(píng)價(jià)等。如: 
① W: We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact woman are still not treated equally. 
M:I don't think so. You've got the vote, you've got your careers 
I think you've got everything important. 
Q: What are they talking about? 
A. The woman's job as a librarian.                   B. Woman's rights in society. 
C. An important election.                          D. Career planning. 
  談?wù)摰脑掝}應(yīng)是一個(gè)抽象的概括性的東西,所以答案是B!
②M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years. It has caused much damage and destruction. 
W: Look at the price of fruits and vegetables. No wonder they are expensive. 
Q: What are they talking about? 
A. The effects of the flood.         B. The heroic fight against flood. 
C. The cause of the flood.          D. Floods of the past twenty years. 
  能夠概括對(duì)話中物價(jià)上漲的應(yīng)該是A。
7)肯定與不肯定相對(duì),含義不肯定的是解 
  這一技巧用于解答說話者言外之意的聽力題。如: 
①W:I intend to buy some fruits for the children. These apples and 
pears seem to be in season. I'll get two dozen of each. 
M: I hope they're as good as they look. 
Q: What does the man mean? 
A. The apples and pears might no be so good.        B. The apples are not as good as the pears. 
C. The apples and pears are very good.             D. The apples and pears are as good as they look. 
  hope的使用說明答案應(yīng)該是不太可能的選項(xiàng),自然是A!
②W: If this weather keeps up, I'm going to have to buy a warmer coat. 
M: Sounds like a good idea. Spring is still a long way off, you know. 
Q: What does the man mean? 
A. The woman should wait to buy new clothes.      B. The cold weather will probably continue. 
C. The weather will warm up soon.               D. He already has a warm coat. 
  Sounds like a good idea說明了語氣的不可能,答案應(yīng)該是B!
8)"同意"是解 
  一般情況下,如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有一個(gè)表示"同意"的概念,那么,此選項(xiàng)就是正確選項(xiàng)。如: 
① W: It's a wonderful film, isn't it? 
M: You can say that again. 
Q: What does the man mean? 
A. He agrees with the woman.             B. He didn't hear what the woman said. 
C. He is surprised by her opinion.          D. He thinks she should look at it again. 
② M: This is the longest assignment we've had all semester. 
W: You're telling me. We'll be lucky if we can do half of it. 
Q: What does the woman say about the assignment? 
A. She has done half of it already.         B. She agrees that it is very long. 
C. They have all semester to do it.         D. There's nothing wrong with it. 
  請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意以下表示同意對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)的常用語。如果聽到這些,就可以選擇含有"同意"的選項(xiàng): 
You said it. 
You can say that again. 
You are telling me. 
You may/might well say so. 
I'll say. 
I couldn't agree more. 
2.短文 
  根據(jù)短文聽力的特點(diǎn),同學(xué)們可以做以下工作!
1) 注意把握首尾句,從整體上理解全文,這同樣有利于主題題的解答。 
2) 聽前閱讀選項(xiàng),增加聽的目的性和針對(duì)性!
3) 聽時(shí)記筆記,以掌握文章的主要細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。 
4) 根據(jù)不同的聽力材料采用不同的聽力技巧。如故事性的文章一般可以邊聽邊劃答案,標(biāo)出故事中提到的信息;說明文要注意要說明的主題是什么,支撐細(xì)節(jié)有哪些!
5) 做完后通讀所有答案,看是否能相互說明,成為一個(gè)整體!
3.復(fù)合式聽寫 
在前面我已經(jīng)給大家介紹了復(fù)合式聽寫中可以運(yùn)用的一些技巧。復(fù)合式聽寫很大程度上利用了完形填空的詞匯和篇章技巧,同時(shí)在有三題中又運(yùn)用了寫作的技法。但是否能夠以適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言準(zhǔn)確地補(bǔ)全短文所缺信息,不是技巧本身所能做到的,需要同學(xué)們平時(shí)加強(qiáng)這方面的訓(xùn)練!
以上簡(jiǎn)要分析了四級(jí)聽力測(cè)試的特點(diǎn)和可以運(yùn)用的一些方法技巧。但是,聽力能力的發(fā)展不是一朝一夕可練就的,更不是知道幾個(gè)小竅門就能解決問題的。希望同學(xué)們結(jié)合四級(jí)考試聽力測(cè)試的特點(diǎn),有針對(duì)性地強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練,同時(shí)注意解題的技巧,可望在短時(shí)間之內(nèi)有個(gè)突破。

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