新東方白易禮：英語四級考試語法筆記(一)

　　3)現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等連用， 但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：

　　She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。

　　I haven’t read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。

　　I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。

　　Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學(xué)生。

　　I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。

　　They have never been to Yan’an. 他們從未去過延安。

　　I haven't seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。

　　翻譯練習(xí)：

　　1)他們已經(jīng)答復(fù)了我們的信。

　　They have already answered our letter.

　　2)自去年以來我就未遇見過王英。

　　I haven’t met Wang Ying since last year.

　　3)他剛把他的名字告訴我。

　　He has just told me his name.

　　4)你到過杭州嗎? 到過。我一個月以前去過那里。我去過兩三次。

　　Have you ever been to Hangzhou? Yes, I have. I went there a month ago. I have been there two or three times.

　　5)他在海外住了很長時間了。

　　He has lived abroad for a very long time.

　　4、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

　　(1)構(gòu)成：第三人稱單數(shù)由has been + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞;其他人稱和數(shù)由have been + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　(2)用法：

　　1)表示動作從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛剛終止，也可能仍然在進(jìn)行。

　　I’ve been waiting for you since eight o’clock in the morning. 我從早上8點鐘一直在等你。

　　It has been raining for three hours. 雨一直下了三個小時了。

　　What book have you been reading recently? 最近你一直在讀什么書?

　　2)有些動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，這些詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。如：

　　I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久沒見到你了。

　　I have loved her for a long time. 我一直愛她。

　　I have known him for a long time. 我認(rèn)識他很久了。

　　3)現(xiàn)在完成時表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作，強調(diào)結(jié)果;而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性，強調(diào)“一直”，往往表示動作仍未結(jié)束。如：

　　I have been reading this novel. 我一直在讀這本小說。(我仍然在讀)

　　I have read two novels. 我已讀過兩本小說。(可能剛讀過，也可能很久以前讀的)

　　I have been writing letters. 我一直都在寫信。

　　I have written three letters. 我已經(jīng)寫完三封信了。

　　Now we have cleaned the room, we can move the things in. 既然我們已經(jīng)打掃完房間，我們可以把東西搬進(jìn)來了。

　　We’ve been cleaning the classroom, but we haven’t finished yet. 我們一直在打掃教室，但還沒干完。