新東方白易禮：英語四級考試語法筆記(一)

　　3)星期一有個外國朋友來參觀過我們學(xué)校了。

　　A foreign friend visited our school on Monday.

　　4)我上中學(xué)的時候總是六點鐘起床。

　　I used to get up at six when I was at middle school.

　　5)周總理曾經(jīng)常在這里辦公。

　　Premier Zhou used to work here.

　　6、過去進行時

　　(1)構(gòu)成：由助動詞be 的過去式 + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。其中be有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一、第三人稱單數(shù)用was，其他用were.

　　1)過去進行時動詞主要表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行或持續(xù)進行的動作。過去進行時經(jīng)常與過去時配合使用。例如：

　　This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天這個時候，我們正在上英語課。

　　The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 老師在給我們上課時，湯姆走進教室。

　　While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我們吃飯的時候，燈滅了。

　　He was reading while she was setting the table. 她擺桌子時，他在讀書。

　　It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天漸漸黑下來了。風(fēng)勢增強了。

　　2)過去進行時動詞常用always, continually, frequently 等詞連用，表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為。這種用法表明帶有的感情色彩。例如：

　　The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 兩兄弟小時候常吵架。

　　In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝時，中國總是對西方列強妥協(xié)。

　　翻譯練習(xí)：

　　1)我記得他哥哥上小學(xué)時經(jīng)常在課堂上提問題。

　　I remember his brother was constantly asking questions in class when he was at primary school.

　　2)我母親做飯的時候，我父親在抽煙。

　　While my mother was cooking, my father was smoking.

　　3)我正在寫東西，小明把燈關(guān)了。

　　When I was writing, Xiao Ming turned off the light.

　　4)夕陽西下，天漸漸黑下來了。

　　The sun was setting. It was getting dark.

　　5)你走進他們的房間時，他們正在聽廣播嗎?

　　Were they listening to the broadcast when you entered their room?

　　6)她給你打電話的時候，你在干什么?

　　What were you doing when she called you on the phone?

　　7、過去完成時

　　(1)構(gòu)成：一律用had + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。

　　(2)用法：

　　1)表示發(fā)生在過去某一時間或動作之前的事情，即“過去的過去”。用過去完成時，必須有一個過去的時間或動作來作參照，說明在此之前某事已發(fā)生。如果兩個動作都是在過去發(fā)生的，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時。例如：

　　She told me she had been there three times before. 她告訴我她以前到過那里三次。(“去過”發(fā)生在“告訴”之前)

　　How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上學(xué)期末為止，他在這里教學(xué)多長時間啦? (“教學(xué)”發(fā)生在上學(xué)期末結(jié)束之前)

　　When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我們到的時候，足球賽已經(jīng)開始了。

　　She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年來中國之前已訪問過中國兩次了。