2011年英語四級(jí)聽力題全解析之短文理解

　　四級(jí)聽力題目構(gòu)成與比例：

　　小對(duì)話： 8% 選擇題 共8道對(duì)話，每題長約1分鐘
　　長對(duì)話： 7% 選擇題 共2段對(duì)話，每段長約3分鐘
　　聽力短文： 10% 選擇題 共3篇文章，每篇長約3分鐘
　　復(fù)合式聽寫：10% 聽寫填空 填8個(gè)單詞和三句話，放音三遍，共計(jì)8分鐘
　　聽力位于考試的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。

短文聽力

　　短文聽力一般篇幅比較長，而且問題又出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)材料讀完之后，所以對(duì)很多考生來說，如果完全聽完材料，再聽問題最后選擇的話，就很容易忘記剛剛在材料中所聽到的內(nèi)容，尤其是當(dāng)考察一些細(xì)節(jié)題目的時(shí)侯。針對(duì)這一情況，我們提供如下四種方法，在聽材料的同時(shí)選出答案來。分別是：首尾法、視聽一致原則、替換法、短詞題解題法。

　　1、首尾法：根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，一篇聽力材料，比較容易出題的地方是這篇材料的前幾句和后幾句。而且分別針對(duì)的是這篇材料所對(duì)應(yīng)題目的第一道和最后一道。因此，對(duì)于“慢熱型(聽過幾句話之后，才能集中起注意力來，但這時(shí)很可能第一道題目的正確答案已經(jīng)被讀過)”的同學(xué)來說，從材料的第一句話就要開始注意聽了。一旦錯(cuò)過了正確答案針對(duì)的那句話，就可能沒有機(jī)會(huì)選出正確選項(xiàng)了。下面舉一個(gè)典型的例子：

　　以2009年6月的四級(jí)考試第三篇短文聽力為例，、

　　Q32: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?

　　Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?

　　32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.

　　B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.

　　C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.

　　D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.

　　35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.

　　B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.

　　C) The attention the media focuses on them.

　　D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.

　　In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. (首段)…Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? (末段)

　　根據(jù)首段和末段的內(nèi)容，我們很容易分析出，32題的答案是A，35題的答案是B。

　　2、同義替換法：如上題，在長對(duì)話和短文聽力這兩種題型中，約有30%的題目采用了替換法，采用同義的短語或單詞替換。我們依舊以歷年真題中的比較典型的一篇短文聽力為例，這篇短文聽力共有相對(duì)應(yīng)的四道題目，都可以用我們的替換法解答。

　　14. A) He didn’t like physics any more. B) His eyesight was too poor.

　　C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to support himself.(D)

　　15. A) He was not happy with the new director.

　　B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.

　　C) He wanted to travel.

　　D) He found his job boring.(A)

　　16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.

　　B) He enjoyed traveling around the world.

　　C) He wanted to go to Spain.

　　D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.(C)

　　17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.

　　B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.

　　C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.

　　D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.(B)

　　聽力原文(部分)及問題如下

　　When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. (14)So I thought I'd better get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm. I expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they appointed a new managing director.(15) I didn't get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. …He offered me a job in Spain.(16)And I've always liked Spain, so I took it. I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. (17)Then we had a baby and I wasn't earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English lessons at a school in the evening. …

　　Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　14. Why did the man give up studying physics?

　　15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?

　　16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?

　　17. Why did the man start to teach English part time?

　　解析：

　　14和15是在同義短語結(jié)構(gòu)上的替換。

　　第14題，正確答案是D，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“earn my living”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“support himself”，其含義是“謀生”。(D)

　　第15題，正確答案是A，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“not get on with somebody”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“not happy with somebody”，其含義是“與某人相處的不好”。

　　16和17題是在句義上的替換。

　　第16題，正確答案是C，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“I've always liked Spain”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“He wanted to go to Spain”。

　　第17題，正確答案是B，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“I wasn't earning enough to support the family.”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“He wanted to earn more to support his family”。

　　3、視聽一致原則：這個(gè)方法已經(jīng)在之前的長對(duì)話中演示過了。

　　4、短詞題解題法：短詞題指的是選項(xiàng)只有極少量單詞構(gòu)成，很多時(shí)候只有一個(gè)單詞。解答這種題目采用的方法是“重復(fù)法”，即，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的單詞被讀到的次數(shù)最多就為正確選項(xiàng)，例如，在某年考試中，有些題目被最多地讀到了5次。另外，短詞題的重復(fù)法不僅可以使用于短文聽力，而且可以使用為長對(duì)話，例如：

　　2007年12月第24題

　　A)Translator. B)Travel agent. C)Language instructor. D)Environmental engineer.

　　其中，A選項(xiàng)中的translator被讀到了3次，可判斷為正確選項(xiàng)。而其他單詞均未被讀到。

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