2007年大學英語四六級講義——四級寫作（上）

　　結(jié)尾段

　　結(jié)尾段的寫作方法可以歸納如下：

　　l 總結(jié)歸納

　　簡要總結(jié)歸納文章要點，以便深化主題印象。如：

　　In conclusion I would like to say that children need to be understood but children also need to understand their parents. It is only when parents and children come to understand each other that we can solve problems effectively and narrow the generation gap.

　　分析：文章通過in conclusion引出對前面所作論述的歸納，使主題更加明確。

　　l 重申主題

　　再次強調(diào)和確定文章開頭闡述的中心思想。如：

　　Admittedly, science has created atomic bombs and produced pervasive pollution. But it has transformed the lives of millions of people. It has multiplied man’s energy, hopes, ambitions and understanding. It has elevated and will continue to elevate man intellectually and spiritually.

　　分析：文章對前文的觀點進行了重復(fù)，使之更加鮮明。

　　l 預(yù)測展望

　　立足當前，放眼未來。如：

　　So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.

　　分析：文章通過對未來積極的展望，說明了愛在生活中的重要性。

　　l 提出建議

　　提出解決問題的途徑、方法或呼吁人們采取相應(yīng)的行動。如：

　　As the issue plays such a key role in our society, sufficient attention should be paid from both the government and the public. The government should make sure that the census is well carried out and the people should be actively involved in the census.

　　分析：文章在結(jié)尾從政府和公眾兩個角度提出建議，以保證人口普查的順利進行。

　　l 提出問題

　　提出具有發(fā)人深省的問題，從而突出中心思想。如：

　　Old people may choose to live alone for themselves and even embrace this living pattern. But in the deep part of their hearts, they must feel lonely. They need their children to stay with, to talk with, and take care of them. Why can’t young people think of the days when they are getting old?

　　分析：文章最有用一個反問句“年輕人為什么不想想自己年老時的情形”來提醒他們將心比心，設(shè)身處地，去關(guān)心父母雙親。

　　l 引用格言

　　用格言、諺語或習語總括全文中心思想。如：

　　Many yeas ago, a great philosopher Francis Bacon remarked that “Knowledge … is power.” This can now be translated into contemporary terms. In our social setting, “Knowledge is change”—and accelerating knowledge-acquisition, fueling the great engine of technology, means accelerating change.

　　分析: 文章借用培根“知識就是力量”名言的結(jié)構(gòu)，指出“知識就是變化”以深化主題，給讀者留下深刻的印象。

　　結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型歸納如下，大家可根據(jù)自己的習慣和需要選擇使用：

　　l From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging

　　from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that ….

　　l All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a

　　(n)unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that ….

　　l It is high time that we place (lay / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on

　　the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of ….

　　l It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable /

　　deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of ….

　　l We must look (search / call / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure),because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of ….

　　l There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to

　　the problem of …, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial).

　　l No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).

　　l Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution

　　to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.

　　l Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is

　　every chance that ….

　　l Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to) …, it is very likely

　　(the chances are good) that ….

　　l There is little doubt (no denying) that serious (special / adequate / immediate /

　　further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of ….

　　l It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps

　　/measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct /check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).

　　l It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained

　　/ corporate) efforts should be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of ….

　　l It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding

　　(developing / improving) ….

　　l It remains to be seen whether …, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging

　　(that rosy).

　　l Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible

　　(potential / grave /serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of ….

　　l To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job),

　　and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of mind towards (attitude towards / outlook on) ….

　　l For these reasons, I strongly recommend that ….

　　l For the reasons given above, I feel that ….

　　中間段

　　再看一下中間段落的組織。中間段的任務(wù)是依據(jù)開頭段所交代的內(nèi)容來闡述文章的論點，圍繞主題或論點展開討論，或就具體要求進行描述和說明。

　　中間段是文章的正文，其作用是從不同的層面對文章主題進行具體和詳實的解釋和論證。中間段篇幅一般比開頭段和結(jié)尾段長，每段有相應(yīng)的主題句，包含定義、解釋、描寫等手法，說明主題思想的擴展句采用實例、數(shù)據(jù)或個人經(jīng)歷等寫作手段，當然不同種類的段落采用不同的擴展手段。

　　中間段有以下具體特點：

　　ü 所涉及內(nèi)容應(yīng)該準確、清楚，頗具說服力;
　　ü 段落中一定具備主題句;
　　ü 段落內(nèi)容應(yīng)該保持完整、統(tǒng)一，沒有說明不足之處或多余冗長的細節(jié);
　　ü 內(nèi)容順序安排合理，邏輯性較強;
　　ü 段落之間連貫自然;
　　ü 段落中討論的內(nèi)容主次分明，材料比例適當;
　　ü 詞與句型運用合理并且有變化。

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