2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫作提高筆記(13)

　　中間段(例論法)

　　* 作者根據(jù)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或所聞所見(jiàn)，列舉事實(shí)說(shuō)明或支持文章主題。從而使讀者確切地了解其觀點(diǎn)的含義或依據(jù)。

　　* 例證的組織可按時(shí)間順序、典型性、重要性等進(jìn)行排列。一般說(shuō)來(lái)最典型、最重要的例子放在最前面(以引起讀者興趣)或最后面(以加深讀者印象)。

　　* 具體寫法手段有：

　　條件法/具體細(xì)節(jié)法/對(duì)比法/科技法/歷史法，下面一例就是具體法代表：

　　主題：北京天氣壞

　　In spring, the weather in Beijing can be very bad. It is often windy and dusty here. In spring, the wind may blow all day long, the air is then filled with fine dust which sometimes shuts out the sun. There is no escape of the fine dust. It gets into, your eyes, yours nostrils, and your hair and penetrates through the closed windows.

　　結(jié)尾段

　　結(jié)尾是文章的總結(jié)和思想的最后升華，它應(yīng)起到再次肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào)主題的效果。

　　高分作文的結(jié)尾段應(yīng)短小有力，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，又意味深長(zhǎng)。具體說(shuō)來(lái)結(jié)尾段主要有以下4種表述方法：

　　(1) 重述或總結(jié)前面的主題。

　　將前面各段的內(nèi)容，換一種方式進(jìn)行總結(jié)、再述。

　　(2) 提出一個(gè)與主題相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。

　　這一問(wèn)題的答案其實(shí)在文中已描述清楚，可以說(shuō)明知故問(wèn)，目的是要讀者同意作者本人的觀點(diǎn)。如“As the reasons listed above, why don’t you choose the public school for your child?”(關(guān)于公立、私立學(xué)校的主題)

　　(3) 提出預(yù)測(cè)或希望

　　作者對(duì)上面的闡述觀點(diǎn)作一些補(bǔ)充和例外情況的說(shuō)明，這樣顯得文章活潑、生動(dòng)又不失客觀、說(shuō)明性。如：關(guān)于“電視廣告”一文結(jié)尾“In a word, TV advertisement, I think, are a newborn thing in the development of our economy, of course, there is much room for improvement in the TV ads. I believe the TV ads will benefit both the advertisers and comsumers.”

　　又如關(guān)于5天工作制的主題：“I hope someday we will have a four-day work policy”。

　　(4) 提出建議或改進(jìn)措施。

　　作者就上面問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析、比較之后，往往提出一些解決方法供讀者參考，這種方法同樣也具有一定的渲染力。

　　寫作必背句子匯總

　　1. Television and radio are almost the most powerful media compared with other means of mass communications like newspaper and magazine.

　　2. And media, is I understand, couldn’t be implementing the principles of fairness, objectiveness, all-roundedness and above all, the responsibility without any supervision.

　　3. If a country is democratic, media censorship would be simpler because the government only needs to care for the program’s social effect, such as the possible consequence of a movie about drug on teenagers.

　　4. Where was the censorship which may prevent such a disastrous test?

　　5. It can and will warn the government of some problems, like corruption, so that people can trust their governors more if they see the problems solved.

　　6. And this attitude — letting the audience decide what’s good for them with their own eyes, ears and minds, will guarantee a social stability in the long run.

　　7. Like the tangible environment, that is the air we breathe, the water we drink and the food on our dinner table, the world’s energy resources are the common wealth of all human beings on the globe.

　　8. The disequilibrium between nations makes it unavoidable and indeed very necessary to have worldwide cooperation.

　　9. The cooperation enables different nations, no matter energy rich or poor ones, to sensibly explore and make use of their energy resources by adjusting the supply and demand, and thus to avoid the so-called over-exploration and blind-consumption of the resources.