指導(dǎo)：如何寫出英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)高分作文句式

　　一、句子開(kāi)頭多樣化

　　英語(yǔ)是一種句型結(jié)構(gòu)靈活多變的語(yǔ)言。由于拘泥于傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法框架，許多初學(xué)寫作的人都喜歡用名詞開(kāi)頭寫句子。這樣寫倒是無(wú)可非議，但若通篇文章都是干巴巴的同樣結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，就顯得呆板生硬，缺乏生氣了。事實(shí)上，在英語(yǔ)寫作中除名詞可放在句子的開(kāi)頭外，許多其它詞類及詞組均可放在句子開(kāi)頭的位置。

　　例句：Women leave their homes to take a fuller part in society as time passes.

　　上面這句話至少還有兩種開(kāi)頭方式：

　　1. As time passes, women leave their homes to take a fuller part in society.

　　2. To take a fuller part in society, women leave their homes as time passes.

　　二、避免一個(gè)“I”寫到底

　　初學(xué)英文寫作的人的另一通病是一個(gè)“I”寫到底，句首僵硬，缺乏變化。

　　試讀下面這段文章：

　　One thing in particular I remember made me feel grateful toward my mother was that one day I went and asked her for my own garden, and she let me have my own little plot. I love it and take care of it well. I loved especially to grow peas. I was proud when we had them on our table. I would pull out the grass in my garden by hand when the first little blades came up. I would patrol the rows on my hands and knees for any worms and bugs, and I would kill and bury them.

　　上面這一段共用了八個(gè)“I”。當(dāng)然上文若出自一個(gè)幼童筆下，倒不乏天真純樸的趣味。不妨改寫如下：

　　According to my recollection, one thing in particular that made me feel grateful toward my mother was the day I went and asked her for my own garden, and she did let me have my own little plot. I love it and take care of it well, especially the growing of peas. Having them on the table made me proud. I would pull out the grass in my garden by hand when the first little blades came up and would patrol the rows on my hands and knees for any worms and bugs, killing them and burying them.

　　改寫后的段落僅有三個(gè)“I”，一看就出自成人手筆。

　　三、 注意句子的緊湊性

　　1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)句子是圍繞著同一主題的不同方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明時(shí)，可以將兩句中相同的成分省略，形成并列句，從而使句子更加緊湊。這也就是省略結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)出的英文的緊湊性。需要注意的是兩句中形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的something要完全一致才可以省略，而且與相同成分相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)(主要是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞)不可以省略。另外，如果表示比較結(jié)構(gòu)的句子前后有相同成分，而且此成分有短語(yǔ)修飾，后面的相同成分要由代詞來(lái)置換，而不能直接將其省略。(如下面的例句三)

　　例句： They should acquire knowledge not only from books but also from the society.

　　他們不僅要從書本中學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)，還要從社會(huì)中汲取知識(shí)。

　　Either Sally must be responsible for the matter or we’ll be (responsible for the matter).或者賽麗對(duì)此事負(fù)責(zé)，或者由我們來(lái)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

　　The population of this country is three times as large as that of its neighbor.

　　這個(gè)國(guó)家的人口是它鄰國(guó)的三倍。(漢語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)是它鄰國(guó)的三倍，但英語(yǔ)一定要說(shuō)是它鄰國(guó)的人口的三倍，這也是英語(yǔ)較為漢語(yǔ)更為嚴(yán)密的一種表現(xiàn))

　　2. 條件句也是使句子緊湊的一種表達(dá)方式。這里我們介紹一下in which在條件句中的用法，它相當(dāng)于條件句的引導(dǎo)詞if，這時(shí)可譯作“如果...那么...”或“當(dāng)...時(shí)”。

　　例句：An ensemble that performs B in which the other performs A is excused from the rehearsal after that concert.

　　當(dāng)另外一個(gè)樂(lè)團(tuán)演奏A(樂(lè)曲)時(shí)，那麼演奏B(樂(lè)曲)的樂(lè)團(tuán)就有充分的理由不去彩排了。