英語四級新題型(閱讀)沖刺講義【新東方】

考試易犯的五大錯誤 翻譯高分攻略 新四級沖刺方略

第六課時

四級中重要的句型：     1、主謂分離。如果第一個名詞后面沒有謂語動詞，則第一個名詞為本句話的主語。    舉例：Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, ...
2、并列雙結構。指一個句子中會有兩個成分并列。通過并列連詞（and） 從后向前找出并列的核心單詞。    舉例：The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
   舉例：Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption（設想）that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.
3、多重復合句。理解方法：括起從句，抓住主干。
4、環(huán)環(huán)相扣句型。把長句分割為短句，分層次各個擊破。     舉例：At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.

重要的句子：      1、For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question 'What is at the bottom of the oceans?' had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.      2、Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit（學分）which he may count towards a degree.
     3、Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. ...A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds.
     4、Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats....In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as well as such details important notwithstanding（然而）, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing…. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption（設想）that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.
     5、The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.

     對四級細節(jié)題的總結：      1、答案不跨段。      2、90%根據關鍵詞定位。10%利用題目的順序。      3、考點不重復。      舉例：27. Some scientists believe that a breakthrough in the use of solar energy depends on ________.    A) sufficient funding                     C) advanced technology    B) further experiments                 D) well-equiped laboratories
30. The application of advanced technology to research in solar energy ________.
   A) would lead to a big increase in research funding
   B) would make it unnecessary to import oil
   C) would make it possible to meet the future energy needs of the EEC
   D) would provide a much greater proportion of the Community's future energy needs
舉例：39. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________.
   A) instrumental support
   B) informational support
   C) social companionship
   D) the strengthening of self-respect
40. Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.
        4、當細節(jié)題只有1—2個時，原文中的細節(jié)部分要快看。

A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement（新拓居地）spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.     The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish labourers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.   The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.  36. The major problems with America's railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in ________.
   A) poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems
   B) lack of financial support for development
   C) limited railroad lines
   D) lack of a transcontinental railroad
37. The building of the first transcontinental system ________.
   A) brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
   B) attracted many visitors to the construction sites
   C) attracted labourers from Europe
   D) encouraged people to travel all over the country
38. The best title for this passage would be ________.
   A) Settlements Spread Westward
   B) The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link
   C) American Railroad History
   D) The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy
39. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took ________.
   A) 9 years                              C) 4 years
   B) 7 years                              D) 3 years
40. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?
   A) The possibility of government support for such a task.
   B) The need to explore Utah.
   C) The need to connect the east coast with the west.
   D) The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.

    Unit 20
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
    For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom（生育高峰）generation, a longer life span means that the nation's elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. "In addition to the doctors, we're going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers," says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California's (USC) School of Gerontology（老年學）.
    Lawyers can specialize in "elder law", which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination（歧視）. Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. "Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money," one professor says.
    Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was "really bored with bacteria." So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, "I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying."
 
31. "... Old is suddenly in" (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means "________".
   A) America has suddenly become a nation of old people
   B) gerontology has suddenly become popular
   C) more elderly professors are found on American campuses
   D) American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students
32. With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit ________.
   A) from the adoption of the "elder law"
   B) from rendering special services to the elderly
   C) by enriching their professional knowledge
   D) by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests
33. Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?
   A) Retirees are more generous in spending money.
   B) They can employ more gerontologists.
   C) The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.
   D) There are more elderly people working than before.
34. Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?
   A) Retirees who are business-minded.
   B) The volunteer workers in retirement homes.
   C) College graduates with an MBA or law degree.
   D) Professional with a good knowledge of gerontology.
35. It can seen from the passage that the expansion of America's elderly population ________.
   A) will provide good job opportunities in many areas
   B) will impose an unbearable burden on society
   C) may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination
   D) will create new fields of study in universities

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