2011年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬題及解析(14)

　　The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting

　　ANSWER:

　　1. 選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名次societies。文章第一句就說(shuō)The typical pre-industrial family...“工業(yè)化之前的典型家庭模式......”， 即“extended" family存在于工業(yè)化之前的社會(huì)，即agricultural society。故J)正確。選項(xiàng)中的primary”最初的，原始的“不符合原文意思。

　　2. 選A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。They are immobile“這樣的家庭很難流動(dòng)”，這說(shuō)明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項(xiàng)中由transplant和transport兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，前者指的是“遷居，遷移”，后者指的是運(yùn)輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正確。3. 選C)。因?yàn)檫@句話(huà)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，固此處應(yīng)填副詞。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有g(shù)radually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所謂的“核心家庭”便出現(xiàn)了“，emerge的意思是“浮現(xiàn)" ，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)過(guò)程后出現(xiàn)的。由此可以判斷，這句話(huà)壞死說(shuō)明核心家庭從無(wú)到有逐漸出現(xiàn)，而不是連續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn)，故選擇C)gradually>

　　4. 選O)。該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一個(gè)家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子“，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示”包含，由......組成“的。選項(xiàng)中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of為固定刺諸，故O)為正確答案。

　　5. 選H)。從原文中的more...than可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞，構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動(dòng)性，故應(yīng)選H)mobile，說(shuō)明新型的家庭模式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　6. 選M)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，作這句話(huà)的謂語(yǔ)。Super-industrialism“(更發(fā)達(dá)的)超級(jí)工業(yè)化”......更具流動(dòng)性的家庭�？赏浦�空格處應(yīng)填表示“需要，需求”的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇M)requires。

　　7. 選E)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞components。文中說(shuō)明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最基本的成員。選項(xiàng)中的E)elemental“基本的，本質(zhì)的”，而N)primary“主要的，最早的”，原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。

　　8.選l)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。上段說(shuō)兩人家庭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”，說(shuō)明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項(xiàng)中的L)compromise“妥協(xié)，折中”符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達(dá)夫婦們無(wú)可奈何的心情，故排除。

　　9.選F)。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據(jù)上下文意思，這個(gè)題相對(duì)容易。

　　10.選I)。這段一直在說(shuō)一個(gè)家庭里男人和女人因?yàn)楣ぷ骱鸵�孩子的事情發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵，那么將來(lái)要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應(yīng)填I(lǐng))couples。

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