2011年12月英語四級閱讀備考材料(37)

　　Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house-owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship-owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as "insured" and those who administer the pool of contributions as "insurers".

　　Not all risks lend themselves to being covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated—and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.

　　The legal basis of all insurance is the "policy". This is the printed form of contract on paper of the best quality. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a named sum of money, called the "premium"(保險費) , which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk or event insured against actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason for this. Over a large number of years many law cases have been brought to clear up the meaning of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts, in their judgments, have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes the phrases have continued to be used in policies even when they have passed out of normal use in speech. 26. According to this passage, insurance is possible because______.

　　A. everyone at some time suffers loss

　　B. only a small proportion of the insured suffer loss

　　C. nearly everyone suffers loss

　　D. only insured people suffer loss

　　27. By "the pool of contributions" the writer means______.

　　A. money paid by the insured B. money paid by the insurers

　　C. the cost of administering insurance D. the amount of administering insurance

　　28. The insurance of ordinary business risks is not possible because______.

　　A. business will not buy insurance B. the risks are too high

　　C. the risks can not be estimated D. the premiums would be too high

　　29. Old-fashioned wording is sometimes used in insurance policies because______.

　　A. insurance is old-fashioned

　　B. insurance has existed for a long time

　　C. it enables ordinary people to understand it

　　D. the meaning of such wording has been agreed upon

　　30. The writer of this passage seems to think that insurance is______.

　　A. a form of gambling B. a way of making money quickly

　　C. old-fashioned D. useful and necessary

　　26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. D

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