2012年12月英語四級考試閱讀習(xí)題及答案解析(1)

　　導(dǎo)讀：

　　Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were ( 意為“可以說，姑且這么說”，有打比方的性質(zhì) ) , to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts O)furtherquestions, and so on.

　　For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times ( 意為“有時“與 most of the time 形成對比，因此很容易推出第 2 題應(yīng)填的詞 ) , however, we become M)aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between J)expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.

　　Different people B)conversewith the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page ( 意為“與單詞保持很近距離”，即不注意單詞本身的意思 ) , others take off ( 意為“離開”，在這指匆匆略過單詞，即不注重單詞本身的意思 ) imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is D)written in the text. The latter represents I)higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

　　There is another conversation which from our point of view isC)equally important, and that is ( There is another…and that is… 。 其中由“ that” 可知本文一共談到了兩種對話方式，第一種即是第一段中提到的對文章反復(fù)提問的方式，第二種就是此處提到的關(guān)于怎樣讀的方式。句中 which 和 that 指代的都是 conversation ) to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as A)opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the F)strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability ( If we are…our ability… 。 其中 If 引導(dǎo)的是條件壯語從句， to hold a process conversation with a text 作后置定語修飾句子的主語 our ability 。 ) to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well E)developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.

　　全文翻譯:

　　閱讀可以看出是讀者和文章之間的一種溝通�？梢哉f，讀者對文章提出問題并得到解答，由此再提出新的問題，如此反復(fù)。

　　大多數(shù)時候，這種溝通是在無意識中進(jìn)行的，然而，有時候我們也會意識到溝通的存在，通常是在我們提到難題或猜測與文章意思不符時。如果我們做出的猜測正確，對文章的提問會繼續(xù)在無意識中進(jìn)行。

　　不同讀者與文章對話的方式也不同。有些人側(cè)重讀懂字詞意義，而有些人匆匆越過字詞，發(fā)揮想象力，對文章做出自己的闡釋，評判一番，做出分析，深入研究。前者代表了拘泥字面的理解方式，后者代表了更深層次的理解。掌握這兩者之間的平衡很重要，對高級讀者而言更是如此。

　　還有另一種對話，我們認(rèn)為同樣重要，這種對話不是有關(guān)讀什么，而是有關(guān)怎樣讀的問題。與“內(nèi)容對話”相對我們稱其為“程序?qū)υ挕�，程序�(qū)υ掙P(guān)心的不是文字意義，而是閱讀方法。通常高級讀者與文章進(jìn)行“程序?qū)υ挕钡哪芰�很強，而與文章進(jìn)行“內(nèi)容對話”的能力卻一般。

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